First time identification of subconjunctival Dirofilaria immitis in Turkey: giant episcleral granuloma mimicking scleritis

Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) detected in wild carnivores from Texas, United States

“…Classical infections in humans are characterized by nodules on the lungs with minimal pathogenic relevance ( Hirano et al, 2002 ; Malik et al, 2016 ; Palicelli et al, 2022 ). However, erratic ocular parasitism by D. immitis may pose additional risk to human health ( Somsap et al, 2021 ; Aykur et al, 2021 ). Additionally, human infection by D. striata was reported in the intraorbital tissue of a 6-year-old boy living in Buncombe County, North Carolina ( Orihel and Isbey, 1990 ).…”

Current State of Canine Heartworm in Portugal

“…These signs may include chronic cough, laboured breathing, or even sudden death, resulting from the massive inflammatory response to the death of the worms, including immature ones [2,3]. Humans serve as accidental hosts for D. immitis, and its incidence is increasing [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In humans, dirofilariosis usually presents as pulmonary, forming nodules that resemble malignancy [5,7,10], though it can also migrate to subcutaneous tissues [8,11], the parietal pleura [12], eye [13], or liver [14].…”