First TBEV serological screening in Flemish wild boar

Roelandt, Sophie; Suin, Vanessa; Stede, Yves Van der; Lamoral, Sophie; Marché, Sylvie; Tignon, Marylène; Saiz, Juan-Carlos; Escribano-Romero, Estela; Casaer, Jim; Brochier, Bernard; Gucht, Steven Van; Roels, Stefan; Vervaeke, Muriel

doi:10.3402/iee.v6.31099

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, it was similar to the seroprevalences found in areas with the same epidemiological situation as eastern France, with no or very few human clinical cases: From 2% to 6% seropositive wild boar and roe deer have been reported in Belgium, in some areas of Germany, and in the south of Denmark [66,[70][71][72][73]. We did not find any significant difference in TBEV seroprevalence between wild boar and roe deer, which is consistent with previous observations [44,66,69,71,72]. These results are unexpected as roe deer are considered to be the main hosts for the nymphs and adults of Ixodes ricinus, the main tick vector for TBEV in Western Europe [74].…”

Section: Tbev Serocomplex Distributionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The overall TBEV seroprevalence found in wild boar and roe deer in the eastern departments (2.9% in wild boar and 0.3% in roe deer) was much lower than that found in TBEV endemic areas in Germany, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and the south of Sweden, varying from 10% to 40% [32,36,44,[66][67][68][69]. However, it was similar to the seroprevalences found in areas with the same epidemiological situation as eastern France, with no or very few human clinical cases: From 2% to 6% seropositive wild boar and roe deer have been reported in Belgium, in some areas of Germany, and in the south of Denmark [66,[70][71][72][73]. We did not find any significant difference in TBEV seroprevalence between wild boar and roe deer, which is consistent with previous observations [44,66,69,71,72].…”

Section: Tbev Serocomplex Distributionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Exposure of Wild Ungulates to the Usutu and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in France in 2009–2014: Evidence of Undetected Flavivirus Circulation a Decade Ago

Bournez

Umhang

Faure³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Flaviviruses have become increasingly important pathogens in Europe over the past few decades. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of flaviviruses in France is needed to better define risk areas and to gain knowledge of the dynamics of virus transmission cycles. Serum samples from 1014 wild boar and 758 roe deer from 16 departments (administrative units) in France collected from 2009 to 2014 were screened for flavivirus antibodies using a competitive ELISA (cELISA) technique. Serum samples found to be positive or doubtful by cELISA were then tested for antibodies directed against West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), Bagaza virus (BAGV), and tick-borne encephalitis/Louping ill viruses (TBEV/LIV) by microsphere immunoassays (except BAGV) and micro-neutralization tests. USUV antibodies were detected only in southeastern and southwestern areas. TBEV/LIV antibodies were detected in serum samples from eastern, southwestern and northern departments. The results indicate continuous circulation of USUV in southern France from 2009 to 2014, which was unnoticed by the French monitoring system for bird mortality. The findings also confirm wider distribution of TBEV in the eastern part of the country than of human clinical cases. However, further studies are needed to determine the tick-borne flavivirus responsible for the seroconversion in southwestern and northern France.

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Section: Tbev Serocomplex Distributionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Tbev Serocomplex Distributionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Exposure of Wild Ungulates to the Usutu and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in France in 2009–2014: Evidence of Undetected Flavivirus Circulation a Decade Ago

Bournez

Umhang

Faure³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…In the Netherlands TBEV positive serum samples were detected from wild boars long before the first human TBE case occurred in 2016 [ 28 ]. Data from Germany, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands indicate that up to 20% of wild boars show positive serum samples for TBEV [ 27 , 29 , 30 ]. There are most likely two mechanisms of TBEV spread coexisting In the Upper Rhine Valley.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of tick-borne encephalitis virus in endemic foci in the upper Rhine region in France and Germany

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important tick-borne arboviral disease in Europe and Asia. The Upper Rhine Valley is thought to be the very western border of TBEV distribution in Europe. The aim of our study was to identify natural foci and isolate TBEV from ticks, to determine the prevalence of TBEV in local tick populations and to study the phylogenetic relatedness of circulating TBEV strains in this region.Material and methodsTicks were collected between 2016, 2017 and 2018 by flagging. TBEV was isolated from collected ticks and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Minimal infection rates (MIR) of the collected ticks were calculated.ResultsAt 12 sampling sites, a total of 4,064 Ixodes ticks were collected in 2016 and 2017 –(and one single collection 2018). 953 male, 856 female adult ticks and 2,255 nymphs were identified. The MIR rates were 0,17% (1/595) for Schiltach (Germany) and 0,11% (1/944) for Foret de la Robertsau (France), respectively. Overall, the three newly described TBEV strains, isolated in the years 2016 and 2017 from the Upper Rhine Valley have no close phylogenetic relation and show a genetic relationship with strains from eastern Europe. The 2018 TBEV strain from Aubachstrasse (Germany), however, is closely related to the TBEV found in Schiltach (Germany).ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, the phylogenetic relations of the newly isolated TBEV strains on both sides of the upper Rhine river.

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“…Expansion of TBEV subtypes has been reported ( 4 ). Reports of TBEV-neutralizing antibodies in wildlife and cattle in Belgium prompted us to reinvestigate the presence of TBEV in the Netherlands ( 5 , 6 ).…”

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confidence: 99%