First successful production of adult corals derived from cryopreserved larvae

Abstract

Coral reefs worldwide are declining due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which, combined with local anthropogenic pressure, are exacerbating unprecedented mass coral bleaching. For corals to survive, restoring coral reefs through cryopreservation is crucial. The aim of this study was to vitrify and laser-warm Stylophora pistillata planulae to allow for feasible settlement, post-settlement survival, and the production of adult corals. The no-observed-effect concentrations were used to determine the best cryoprotective agents for S. pistillata. The larvae were then subjected to cooling and nanolaser warming (300 V, 10 ms pulse width, 2 mm beam diameter) by using two vitrification solutions (VSs; VS1: 2 M dimethyl sulfoxide and 1 M ethylene glycol [EG]; VS2: 2 M propylene glycol and 1 M EG) and gold nanoparticles. The results revealed that VS1-treated larvae had a higher vitrification rate (65%), swimming rate (23.1%), settlement rate (11.54%), and post settlement survival rate (11.54%) than those treated with VS2. Seasonal variations also affected the cryopreservation of the planulae; VS1 was more favorable for the planulae in spring than in fall. Although laser-warmed larvae developed slower morphologically than their controlled counterparts, the production of cryopreserved adult S. pistillata corals was achieved. The proposed technique can improve the cryopreservation of corals and advance efforts to protect endangered coral species.

Lipid modification to improve cryotolerance of gametes, embryos and larvae and its potential application in aquaculture species: a review

“…As the vitrification method has been routinely used in the cryopreservation of oocyts and embryos in some mammalian species, including lipid-rich materials (Amstislavsky et al, 2019;Du et al, 2021;Tharasanit and Thuwanut, 2021), and has also been successfully applied in a couple of coral species (Daly et al, 2018;Narida et al, 2023), the integratation of lipid modification and vitrification is likely to become a novel technological pathway for…”