First Steps Towards an Ethics of Robots and Artificial Intelligence

Tasioulas, John

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3172840

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In view of (semi-)autonomous systems, the principle of autonomy stipulates that people should always retain the last decision-making power or "the power to decide which decisions to take". Justice encompasses the effects that AI systems have on societies in terms of unfair discrimination, but also on social cohesion and solidarity, and aims to ensure that the costs and benefits of the use of AI systems are fairly distributed within society [3,33]. Finally, the principle of explicability, which is the only one specifically for the context of AI, shall ensure that users and those affected by an AI system are able to understand and comprehend its results and that the distribution of responsibility is clear.…”

Section: From Principles To Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When and how are (semi-)automated decision-making processes about people's career prospects and opportunities for personal development societally desirable? Or, as Tasioulas [33], p. 65 puts it: "Consider, for example, the plight of long-term unemployed people whose job applications are routinely rejected by the automated systems that now dominate workforce recruitment. After months or even years of applying unsuccessfully for jobs, those individuals may never once have their application read and evaluated by a fellow human.…”

Section: Ai Ethics Neglects the Business Context Of Developing And Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-in-the-loop: towards pluralistic value creation in AI, or—why AI needs business ethics

Häußermann

Lütge

2021

AI Ethics

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Today, due to growing computing power and the increasing availability of high-quality datasets, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are entering many areas of our everyday life. Thereby, however, significant ethical concerns arise, including issues of fairness, privacy and human autonomy. By aggregating current concerns and criticisms, we identify five crucial shortcomings of the current debate on the ethics of AI. On the threshold of a third wave of AI ethics, we find that the field eventually fails to take sufficient account of the business context and deep societal value conflicts the use of AI systems may evoke. For even a perfectly fair AI system, regardless of its feasibility, may be ethically problematic, a too narrow focus on the ethical implications of technical systems alone seems insufficient. Therefore, we introduce a business ethics perspective based on the normative theory of contractualism and conceptualise ethical implications as conflicts between values of diverse stakeholders. We argue that such value conflicts can be resolved by an account of deliberative order ethics holding that stakeholders of an economic community deliberate the costs and benefits and agree on rules for acceptable trade-offs when AI systems are employed. This allows AI ethics to consider business practices, to recognise the role of firms, and ethical AI not being at risk to provide a competitive disadvantage or in conflict with the current functioning of economic markets. By introducing deliberative order ethics, we thus seek to do justice to the fundamental normative and political dimensions at the core of AI ethics.

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Section: From Principles To Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ai Ethics Neglects the Business Context Of Developing And Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-in-the-loop: towards pluralistic value creation in AI, or—why AI needs business ethics

Häußermann

Lütge

2021

AI Ethics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… …dating a robot with a human form may not be quite as absurd or weird as a romantic attachment to an iPhone or smart fridge, but it’s arguably on a continuum with them (Tasioulas, 2019 , p. 68). …”

Section: Which Robots Could We Be Friends With?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Tasioulas ( 2019 , p. 51) explains, UNESCO have recently defined robots “…as artificial beings with four characteristics: mobility…interactivity…communication…and autonomy, in the sense of an ability to ‘think’ for themselves, and make their own decisions to act upon the environment…” Within this general definition of robots, there are different types of robots (ranging from robotic toys and vacuum cleaners, to military robots and robotic surgeons). Social robots are a special class of robot that are designed to have interpersonal relations with human beings.…”

Section: Which Robots Could We Be Friends With?mentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s Friendship, Jim, but Not as We Know It: A Degrees-of-Friendship View of Human–Robot Friendships

Ryland

2021

Minds & Machines

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This article argues in defence of human–robot friendship. I begin by outlining the standard Aristotelian view of friendship, according to which there are certain necessary conditions which x must meet in order to ‘be a friend’. I explain how the current literature typically uses this Aristotelian view to object to human–robot friendships on theoretical and ethical grounds. Theoretically, a robot cannot be our friend because it cannot meet the requisite necessary conditions for friendship. Ethically, human–robot friendships are wrong because they are deceptive (the robot does not actually meet the conditions for being a friend), and could also make it more likely that we will favour ‘perfect’ robots, and disrespect, exploit, or exclude other human beings. To argue against the above position, I begin by outlining and assessing current attempts to reject the theoretical argument—that we cannot befriend robots. I argue that the current attempts are problematic, and do little to support the claim that we can be friends with robots now (rather than in some future time). I then use the standard Aristotelian view as a touchstone to develop a new degrees-of-friendship view. On my view, it is theoretically possible for humans to have some degree of friendship with social robots now. I explain how my view avoids ethical concerns about human–robot friendships being deceptive, and/or leading to the disrespect, exploitation, or exclusion of other human beings.

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“…Offering a way to bridge the gaps in skills, infrastructure, and accessibility in Indian health care, AI enables machines to perform activities that normally require human intelligence by sensing environmental conditions, making decisions, or executing commands (Chaudhari, Patel, & Juneja, ; Tasioulas, ). Technologies based on AI can quickly read patients' symptoms and after analyzing them, suggest and verify treatment.…”

Section: Ai In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%