First simultaneous observations of optical lightning and terrestrial gamma flash from space

Østgaard, Nikolai; Gjesteland, Thomas; Carlson, B. E.; Collier, A. B.; Cummer, S. A.; Lu, G.; Christian, H. J.

doi:10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929975

Cited by 1 publication

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“…TGFs have been associated with radio signals generated by lightning discharges [ Inan et al , ]. In particular, a close relationship between TGFs and +IC lightning, which develop in a stepped manner transporting electrons from the MN charge layer toward the UP charge layer, has been reported [ Cummer et al , ; Stanley et al , ; Shao et al , ; Lu et al , ; Cummer et al , ; Østgaard et al , ; Cummer et al , ].…”

Section: The +Ic Leader and The Effects Of Its Electric Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader

et al. 2017

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Several computer models exist to explain the observation of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs). Some of these models estimate the electric field ahead of lightning leaders and its effects on electron acceleration and multiplication. In this paper, we derive a new set of constraints to do more realistic modeling. We determine initial conditions based on in situ measurements of electric field and vertical separation between the main charge layers of thunderclouds. A maximum electric field strength of 50 kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the upper constraint for the leader electric field. The threshold for electron avalanches to develop of 2.86 kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the lower value. With these constraints, we determine a region where acceleration and multiplication of electrons occur. The maximum potential difference in this region is found to be ∼52 MV, and the corresponding number of avalanche multiplication lengths is ∼3.5. We then quantify the effect of the ambient electric field compared to the leader field at the upper altitude of the negative tip. Finally, we argue that only leaders with the highest potential difference between its tips (∼600 MV) can be candidates for the production of TGFs. However, with the assumptions we have used, these cannot explain the observed maximum energies of at least 40 MeV. Open questions with regard to the temporal development of the streamer zone and its effect on the shape of the electric field remain.

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