First, second and third wave of COVID-19. What have we changed in the ICU management of these patients?

Taboada, Manuel; González, Mariana; Álvarez, Antía; Eiras, María; Costa, José Ricardo Sousa; Álvarez, Julián; Seoane-Pillado, Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.027

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Moreover, variations were also noted between the second and third waves [14] , [15] . Despite the changes in patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics with COVID-19 during the different pandemic waves, only a few studies have observed these characteristics in Egypt during the first pandemic wave [4] , [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Egypt

Eid¹,

Attia²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that belongs to the coronaviruses and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we explored the demographic details, clinical features, and routinely conducted laboratory investigations of patients with COVID-19 during the second and third waves of the pandemic to understand their possible diagnostic and prognostic values in Egypt. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, laboratory findings, and symptoms of all enrolled patients with SARS-CoV-2 were collected from the medical records of Beni Suef University Hospitals between December 15, 2020, and April 15, 2021. Results This retrospective study included 473 patients, almost all of whom were elderly. The median age of the patients was 48 years, and those with moderate and severe disease were older than those with mild infections. The proportion of females was higher (63.4%) than males (36.6%). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common comorbidity (17.3%), and fever was the most typical manifestation of COVID-19 (62.6%). Those with severe disease showed a higher C-reactive protein level (CRP) than those with moderate (p-value 0.009) or mild (p-value 0.01) diseases. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease than in those with moderate disease (p-value 0.018). In contrast, D-dimer and serum creatinine were normal and showed no significant difference in all comparisons (p-value overall 0.21). Conclusion This study observed several variations in COVID-19 patients’ characteristics. The new manifestations included skin rash, bone and low back pains, and rigors. In contrast to females, most males had moderate-to-severe illness. Old age and higher body mass index was associated with increasing severity. D-dimer and complete blood count were normal and could not identify potential COVID‐19 patients. Patients who had mild illness were still at risk of developing post-COVID complications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Egypt

Eid¹,

Attia²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…A comparison of COVID-19 positive cases/day between India and the rest of the world, as represented in the repository ‘ourworldindata’, showed that the first wave in India started in March 2020, achieved a peak in September 2020 with more than 90,000 confirmed cases/day, and gradually decreased in intensity with 10,000 confirmed cases/day in February 2021. Except for few countries including India, most of the other countries/continents witnessed the first wave of COVID-19 before August 2020 while the second wave started appearing in August–September 2020 [ 16 ] followed by the third wave in March 2021, which is still ongoing [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 Infection in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Second Wave with the First Wave

2021

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered as the most dreaded disease that has spread all over the world in the recent past. Despite its outbreak in December 2019–January 2020, a few continents and countries such as India started to experience a significant number of COVID-19-positive cases from March 2020. GISAID clade variation analysis in the period March 2020–February 2021 (period I) and March 2021–first week of April 2021 (period II) showed a rapid variation of SARS-CoV-2 in all continents and India over time. Studying the relationship of patient age or gender with viral clades in these two periods revealed that the population under 10 years of age was the least affected, whereas the 11–60-year-old population was the most affected, irrespective of patient gender and ethnicity. In the first wave, India registered quite a low number of COVID-19-positive cases/million people, but the scenario unexpectedly changed in the second wave, when even over 400,000 confirmed cases/day were reported. Lineage analysis in India showed the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, i.e., B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, during April–May 2021, which might be one of the key reasons for the sudden upsurge of confirmed cases/day. Furthermore, the emergence of the new variants contributed to the shift in infection spread by the G clade of SARS-CoV-2 from 46% in period II to 82.34% by the end of May 2021. Along with the management of the emergence of new variants, few factors viz., lockdown and vaccination were also accountable for controlling the upsurge of new COVID-19 cases throughout the country. Collectively, a comparative analysis of the scenario of the first wave with that of the second wave would suggest policymakers the way to prepare for better management of COVID-19 recurrence or its severity in India and other countries.

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“…Although the spread of virus seems to be contained in some countries, lately several other countries have just started showing exponential increases in the number of positive cases. Unfortunately, a second/third wave of the virus transmission [1][2][3][4] reflects the challenge of containing a virus with such high transmission rates, reproduction number [5,6] and infectious period [7]. In addition, reoccurrence of COVID-19 [8] has accentuated the need for continued testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Fast Electrochemical Sensor for Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Non-Invasive Saliva Sampling

2021

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Point-of-care diagnostic devices that are rapid and reliable remain as an unmet need highlighted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic crisis. The second/third wave of virus spread in various parts of the world combined with new evidence of re-infections and inadequate healthcare facilities demand increased testing rate to diagnose COVID-19 at its core. Although traditional molecular diagnostic tests have served this purpose, there have been shortage of reagents and other supplies at pandemic frontlines. This calls for novel alternate diagnostic processes with potential for obtaining emergency use authorization and that can be deployed in the field at the earliest opportunity. Here, we show an ultra-fast SARS-CoV-2 detection sensor for detecting coronavirus proteins in saliva within 100 milliseconds. Electrochemical oxidation of nickel hydroxide has been controlled using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques for successful detection of SARS-CoV-2. Test results have proven the capability of sensors to quantitatively detect the concentration of virus in blinded analyses. The detection occurs by a process similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 binding onto host cells. The sensor also shows prospects in distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses such as HIV. More importantly, the sensor matches the detection limit of the gold standard test for diagnosing early infection. The use of saliva as a non-invasive sampling technique combined with the portability of the instrument has broadened the potential of this sensor.

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First, second and third wave of COVID-19. What have we changed in the ICU management of these patients?

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Egypt

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Egypt

Covid-19 Infection in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Second Wave with the First Wave

Ultra-Fast Electrochemical Sensor for Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Non-Invasive Saliva Sampling

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