First Results Using the Planck-Balance

Rothleitner, Christian; Schleichert, Jan; Vasilyan, Suren; Rogge, Norbert; Günther, Ludwig; Hilbrunner, Falko; Rahneberg, Ilko; Knopf, Dorothea; Fröhlich, Thomas; Härtig, Frank

doi:10.1109/cpem.2018.8500904

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The relative measurement uncertainty of using an apparatus, as presented in [1,2,6,7] for mass/force determination, can roughly be estimated by equation (5), which can be derived from equation (4) by the standard uncertainty propagation. The uncertainty of the optical power measurements primarily depends on the relative measurement uncertainties of the mass, gravitational acceleration, and reflectivity value of the ultra-high reflective mirror.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Traceability Route Of The Photon-momen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the multi-reflection configuration, the total net force was amplified by at least an order of magnitude in comparison with the single reflection configuration. Furthermore, using single-and multi-reflection configurations, a possible standard for the force calibration, or the inverse, a standard for optical (laser) power calibration with direct traceability to the recently renewed SI base units, has already been proposed [2,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the limits of photon momentum based optical power measurement method, employing the case of multi-reflected laser beam

et al. 2021

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In this work, we review the viability and precision of the photon-momentum-based optical power measurement method that employs an amplification effect caused by a multi-reflected laser beam trapped in an optical cavity. Measuring the total momentum transfer of the absorbed and re-emitted photons from a highly reflective surface (reflection of the laser beam from an optical mirror) as a force provides the possibility of measuring the optical power with direct traceability to SI units. Trial measurements were performed at two different metrology laboratories: the laboratory for mass/force at the Technical University of Ilmenau, and the clean room laser radiometry laboratory at PTB, with a portable force measurement setup consisting of two electromagnetic force compensation balances. We compared the results of the optical power measurements performed with the force measurement setup, via the photon-momentum-based method, with those performed using a calibrated reference standard detector traceable to PTB’s primary standard for optical power, the cryogenic radiometer. The comparison was carried out for an optical power range between 1 W and 10 W at a wavelength of 532 nm, which corresponds to a force of approximately 2000 nN at the upper limit, yielding approximately 2.3% relative standard uncertainty in the case of 33 reflections. Thus, conflating the high-precision force metrology technique at μN to nN levels with the optical setup required to achieve specular multi-reflection configuration of the laser beam, where a macroscopic optical cavity with ultra-high reflective mirrors (>99.995%) can adjustably be suspended from the force sensors, depending on required geometry of reflections, we show that the uncertainty of the optical power measurements upon further increase of the nominally applied optical power, the number of laser beam reflections, or the reflectivity coefficient of the mirrors can be markedly reduced.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Traceability Route Of The Photon-momen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the limits of photon momentum based optical power measurement method, employing the case of multi-reflected laser beam

et al. 2021

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“…In this section, several error sources shown in Figure 2 are investigated by using the theoretical equation and/or numerical simulations. The values of most of the parameters used for the numerical experiments have been chosen according to real measurement data [7].…”

Section: Influences On the Amplitude Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences on amplitude estimation using three-parameter sine fitting algorithm in the velocity mode of the Planck-Balance

Lin¹,

Rothleitner²,

Rogge³

et al. 2020

ACTA IMEKO

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The Planck-Balance is a table-top version of a Kibble balance. In contrast to many other Kibble balances, the coil is moved sinusoidally and an ac rather than a dc signal is generated in the velocity mode. The three-parameter sine fitting algorithm is applied to estimate the amplitudes of the induced voltage and the coil motion, which are used to determine the force factor Bl of the voice coil of the electromagnetic force compensation balance. However, the three-parameter sine fitting algorithm is not robust against some perturbations, e.g. additive Gaussian white noise, quantization error, harmonic distortion, frequency error and time jitter. These effects have influences on the accuracy of the amplitude estimation. Based on numerical simulations and correlation analyses, the effects of these perturbations are determined. By optimizing measurement and data processing approach, the bias and standard deviation of the estimated amplitude can be effectively reduced, and thus the accuracy of the force factor Bl in the velocity mode can be improved.

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“…Here, D is given by Eqs. (8) and (13) for the three-parameter sine fit and the multiharmonic sine fit, respectively. n denotes the noise level of measurement.…”

Section: Uncertainty Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total harmonic distortion is 0.15 %. These parameters are obtained according to real measurement data [8]. In order to simulate the non-coherent sampling, the signal frequency fsig is changed from 3.82 Hz to 4.02 Hz with the same number of samples M = 10 4 , i.e., the sampling frequency fs = 1 kHz and the sampling time T = 10 s. For each fsig, a data set of induced voltage       is generated and taken as the nominal points.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Relative Bias Of The Amplitudementioning

confidence: 99%

6.4.4 Investigations on the sine fitting algorithm in the Planck-Balance

Lin¹,

Rothleitner²,

Rogge³

2019

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First Results Using the Planck-Balance

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Revisiting the limits of photon momentum based optical power measurement method, employing the case of multi-reflected laser beam

Revisiting the limits of photon momentum based optical power measurement method, employing the case of multi-reflected laser beam

Influences on amplitude estimation using three-parameter sine fitting algorithm in the velocity mode of the Planck-Balance

6.4.4 Investigations on the sine fitting algorithm in the Planck-Balance

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