First results on the SPS beam collimation with bent crystals

Scandale, W.; Arduini, G.; Assmann, R.; Bracco, Chiara; Gilardoni, S.; Ippolito, V.; Laface, Emanuele; Losito, R.; Masi, A.; Métral, E.; Previtali, V.; Redaelli, Stefano; Silari, M.; Tlustos, L.; Bagli, E.; Baricordi, S.; Dalpiaz, P.; Guidi, V.; Mazzolari, A.; Vincenzi, D.; Mea, G. Della; Lombardi, A.; Salvador, D. De; Vallazza, E.; Bolognini, Davide; Hasan, S.; Lietti, D.; Mascagna, V.; Mattera, A.; Prest, M.; Cavoto, G.; Ludovici, L.; Mirarchi, Daniele; Santacesaria, R.; Valente, P.; Murtas, F.; Afonin, A. G.; Chesnokov, Yu. A.; Maisheev, V. A.; Yazynin, I. A.; Kovalenko, A. D.; Taratin, A.M.; Denisov, A.S.; Gavrikov, Yu.A.; Ivanov, Yu. M.; Lapina, L.P.; Malyarenko, L.G.; Skorobogatov, V. V.; Suvorov, V.M.; Vavilov, S.; Mokhov, N.; Still, D.; Robert‐Demolaize, G.; Markiewicz, T.; Oriunno, M.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.07.023

Cited by 114 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The simulations do not take into account the experimental resolution. In the Monte Carlo a particle is considered as escaped from SD if the angle between its momentum and the atomic string exceeds the critical angle for axial channeling the usage of a bent crystal respecting condition A as a passive element in a crystal-based collimation scheme offers not only the advantage of reducing the amount of material of the primary collimator, as already been demonstrated for planar channeling at SPS [25] and, very recently, at LHC [26], but also accomplishes deflection of the whole beam to the same direction through a single pass, an operation which cannot be done via currently used scheme exploiting PC, where multiturn interaction is mandatory. A further advantage of SD, is the reduction of interactions of protons with the nuclei of the crystals as compared to planar case [27], thus reducing the amount of particles in the secondary halo.…”

Section: Theoretical Investigation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deflection mechanisms involving bound states are axial (AC) and planar (PC) channeling, while over-barrier particles may be deflected by the stochastic mechanism of deflection (SD) [7] caused by multiple scattering with atomic strings (the socalled doughnut scattering) and by volume reflection (VR) from bent crystal planes [8]. In view of applications to beam steering, most of the studies have been focused on the planar cases due to the easier experimental requirements for their implementation [9]. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the axial mechanism of deflection may bring several advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relaxation of axially confined 400 GeV/c protons to planar channeling in a bent crystal

et al. 2016

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An investigation on the mechanism of relaxation of axially confined 400 GeV/c protons to planar channeling in a bent crystal was carried out at the extracted line H8 from CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The experimental results were critically compared to computer simulations, showing a good agreement. We identified a necessary condition for the exploitation of axial confinement or its relaxation for particle beam manipulation in high-energy accelerators. We introduce the idea of using a short bent crystal, aligned with one of its main axis to the beam direction, as a beam steerer or a beam splitter with adjustable intensity in the field of particle accelerators. In particular, in the latter case, a complete relaxation from axial confinement to planar channeling takes place, resulting in beam splitting into the two strongest skew planar channels.

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Section: Theoretical Investigation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of axially confined 400 GeV/c protons to planar channeling in a bent crystal

et al. 2016

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“…Crystal collimation relies on using bent crystals instead of primary collimators to steer halo particles onto one single absorber, as opposed to the present multi-stage collimation system, which is based on massive amorphous blocks of material to intercept halo particles. Experimental results obtained with proton and lead ion beams at the super proton synchrotron (SPS) [10][11][12][13][14] in the framework of the UA9 experiment are very promising. However they are not considered exhaustive enough to propose a crystal collimation scheme as a baseline for future upgrades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of a crystal collimation test stand at the Large Hadron Collider

et al. 2017

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Future upgrades of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) demand improved cleaning performance of its collimation system. Very efficient collimation is required during regular operations at high intensities, because even a small amount of energy deposited on superconducting magnets can cause an abrupt loss of superconducting conditions (quench). The possibility to use a crystal-based collimation system represents an option for improving both cleaning performance and impedance compared to the present system. Before relying on crystal collimation for the LHC, a demonstration under LHC conditions (energy, beam parameters, etc.) and a comparison against the present system is considered mandatory. Thus, a prototype crystal collimation system has been designed and installed in the LHC during the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1), to perform feasibility tests during the Run 2 at energies up to 6.5 TeV. The layout is suitable for operation with proton as well as heavy ion beams. In this paper, the design constraints and the solutions proposed for this test stand for feasibility demonstration of crystal collimation at the LHC are presented. The expected cleaning performance achievable with this test stand, as assessed in simulations, is presented and compared to that of the present LHC collimation system. The first experimental observation of crystal channeling in the LHC at the record beam energy of 6.5 TeV has been obtained in 2015 using the layout presented (Scandale et al., Phys Lett B 758:129, 2016). First tests to measure the cleaning performance of this test stand have been carried out in 2016 and the detailed data analysis is still on-going.

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“…Various applications of orientational phenomena with crystals have been proposed and investigated such as -beam steering, [15] -extraction and collimation in circular accelerators and [16][17][18][19] a e-mail: enrico.bagli@gmail.com -splitting and focusing of external beams [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for the interaction of high-energy particles in straight and bent crystals implemented in Geant4

Bagli

Asai

Brandt³

et al. 2014

Eur. Phys. J. C

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A model for the simulation of orientational effects in straight and bent periodic atomic structures is presented. The continuum potential approximation has been adopted. The model allows the manipulation of particle trajectories by means of straight and bent crystals and the scaling of the cross sections of hadronic and electromagnetic processes for channeled particles. Based on such a model, an extension of the Geant4 toolkit has been developed. The code has been validated against data from channeling experiments carried out at CERN.

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First results on the SPS beam collimation with bent crystals

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

Relaxation of axially confined 400 GeV/c protons to planar channeling in a bent crystal

Relaxation of axially confined 400 GeV/c protons to planar channeling in a bent crystal

Design and implementation of a crystal collimation test stand at the Large Hadron Collider

A model for the interaction of high-energy particles in straight and bent crystals implemented in Geant4

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