First results from the ground calibration of the NuSTAR flight optics

Koglin, Jason E.; An, Hongjun; Barrière, Nicolas M.; Brejnholt, Nicolai; Christensen, Finn Erland; Craig, William W.; Hailey, Charles J.; Jakobsen, Anders Clemen; Madsen, Kristin K.; Mori, Kaya; Nynka, Melania; Fernández-Perea, Mónica; Pivovaroff, M. J.; Ptak, Andrew; Sleator, Clio; Thornhill, Doug; Vogel, Julia K.; Wik, Daniel R.; Zhang, William W.

doi:10.1117/12.895279

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Stray light is the result of zero-bounce photons reaching the detector from bright sources within a few degrees of the FOV, while ghost rays are singlebounce photons from bright sources within about 1°of the FOV. The pattern of stray light contamination is well understood and can be carefully predicted, 22 while the patterns of ghost rays are more challenging to model (Koglin et al 2011;Harrison et al 2013;Wik et al 2014;Madsen et al 2015;Mori et al 2015).…”

Section: Nustarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Survey of the Norma Arm Region

Fornasini

Tomsick

Hong

et al. 2017

ApJS

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Citation for published item:pornsiniD prnes wF nd omsikD tohn eF nd rongD teu nd qotthelfD iri F nd fuerD prnz nd houiD prid nd ternD hniel nd fodgheeD ersh nd ghiuD tengEvun nd glvelD w¤ % nd gorrlEntnD tes¡ us nd rileyD ghrles tF nd urivonosD omn eF nd woriD uy nd elexnderD hvid wF nd frretD hidier nd foggsD teven iF nd ghristensenD pinn iF nd grigD illim F nd porsterD url nd qiommiD olo nd qrefenstetteD frin F nd rrrisonD pion eF nd rornstrupD elln nd uitguhiD ko nd uoglinD tF iF nd wdsenD uristin uF nd woD eter rF nd wiyskD riroms nd erriD wtteo nd ivovro'D wihel tF nd uettiD imonett nd nD ikrm nd estergrdD xiels tF nd hngD illim F @PHIUA 9he xue hrd Ery survey of the xorm rm regionF9D estrophysil journl supplement seriesFD PPW @PAF pF QQF Further information on publisher's website: Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractWe present a catalog of hard X-ray sources in a square-degree region surveyed by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) in the direction of the Norma spiral arm. This survey has a total exposure time of 1.7 Ms, and the typical and maximum exposure depths are 50 ks and 1 Ms, respectively. In the area of deepest coverage, sensitivity limits of 5×10 −14 and 4×10 −14 ergs −1 cm −2 in the 3-10 and 10-20keV bands, respectively, are reached. Twenty-eight sources are firmly detected, and 10 are detected with low significance; 8 of the 38 sources are expected to be active galactic nuclei. The three brightest sources were previously identified as a low-mass X-ray binary, high-mass X-ray binary, and pulsar wind nebula. Based on their X-ray properties and multiwavelength counterparts, we identify the likely nature of the other sources as two colliding wind binaries, three pulsar wind nebulae, a black hole binary, and a plurality of cataclysmic variables (CVs). The CV candidates in the Norma region have plasma temperatures of ≈10-20keV, consistent with the Galactic ridge X-ray emission spectrum but lower than the temperatures of CVs near the Galactic center. This temperature difference may indicate that the Norma region has a lower fraction of intermediate polars relative to other types of CVs compared to the Galactic center. The NuSTAR logN-logS distribution in the 10-20keV band is consistent with the distribution measured by Chandra at 2-10keV if the average source spectrum is assumed to be a thermal model with kT≈15 keV, as observed for the CV candidates.

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Section: Nustarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Survey of the Norma Arm Region

Fornasini

Tomsick

Hong

et al. 2017

ApJS

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“…They have been calibrated on ground in March 2011 2,3 in the Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility (RaMCaF) at the Nevis Laboratory (N.Y.). The mirrors have been coated with multilayers 4 to obtain good reflectivity up to 80 keV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NuSTAR on-ground calibration: I. Imaging quality

Westergaard¹,

Madsen

Brejnholt³

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

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The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) launched in June 2012 carries the first focusing hard Xray (5 -80 keV) telescope to orbit. The on-ground calibration was performed at the RaMCaF facility at Nevis, Columbia University. During the assembly of the telescopes, mechanical surface metrology provided surface maps of the reflecting surfaces. Several flight coated mirrors were brought to BNL for scattering measurements. The information from both sources is fed to a raytracing code that is tested against the on-ground calibration data. The code is subsequently used for predicting the imaging properties for X-ray sources at infinite distance.

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“…Facility performance [17] and initial results from the flight calibrations [18] will be presented in August 2011 at the SPIE Optics + Photonics in San Diego, CA.…”

Section: Ramcaf Now and Tomorrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility for X-Ray Optics

Brejnholt

Christensen

Hailey

et al. 2011

X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation

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The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) is a NASA Small Explorer mission that will carry the first focusing hard X-ray (5-80 keV) telescope to orbit. The ground calibration of the optics posed a challenge as the need to suppress finite source distance effects over the full optic and the energy range of interest were unique requirements not met by any existing facility. In this paper we present the requirements for the NuSTAR optics ground calibration, and how the Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility, RaMCaF, is designed to meet the calibration requirements. The nearly 175 m long beamline sports a 48 cm diameter 5-100 keV X-ray beam and is capable of carrying out detailed studies of large diameter optic elements, such as the NuSTAR optics, as well as flat multilayer-coated Silicon wafers.

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First results from the ground calibration of the NuSTAR flight optics

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

The NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Survey of the Norma Arm Region

The NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Survey of the Norma Arm Region

NuSTAR on-ground calibration: I. Imaging quality

The Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility for X-Ray Optics

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