First results from dust detection during plasma discharges on Tore Supra

Roche, Hélène; Barbuti, A.; Bucalossi, J.; Ducobu, L.; Grisolia, C.; Pégouriè, B.; Rosanvallon, S.; Spuig, P.; Skinner, C.H.; Vartanian, S.; Vincent, Benoit

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2011/t145/014022

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…No dust fly-by is seen in 59% of disruptions occuring in the current ramp-up phase (51 movies), in 33% of disruptions occuring in the flattop phase (211 movies) and in 44% of disruptions happening in the current rampdown phase (214 movies). It is therefore questionable whether dust release is proportional to the energy contained in plasma when the disruption occurs, as reported in Tore Supra [9]. Figure 7 depicts the number of dust fly-bys observed after disruptions as a function of the energy contained in the plasma 5 ms before disruption for 479 unmitigated disruptions and 63 mitigated disruptions.…”

Section: A Main Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various diagnostics used for in situ investigations of dust in tokamaks (laser light scattering [6], dust collection by aerogels [7], dust detectors [8,9], standard CCD cameras [10], etc...), fast imaging is one of the most valuable for investigating dust behaviour during plasma operation. Compared to other diagnostics, which probe localized areas, fast cameras have the ability to probe a significant plasma volume (typically ∼20% of the torus volume per camera in AUG) while keeping relatively high temporal resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Video analysis of dust events in full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade

et al. 2016

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Fast video data recorded during seven consecutive operation campaigns (2008-2012) in fulltungsten ASDEX Upgrade have been analyzed with an algorithm developped to automatically detect and track dust particles. A total of 2425 discharges have been analyzed, corresponding to 12204 seconds of plasma operation. The analysis aimed at precisely identifying and sorting the discharge conditions responsible of the dust generation or remobilization. Dust rates are found to be significantly lower than in tokamaks with carbon PFCs. Significant dust events occur mostly during off-normal plasma phases such as disruptions and particularly those preceded by vertical displacement events (VDEs). Dust rates are also increased but to a lower extent during type-I ELMy H-modes. The influences of disruption energy, heating scenario, vessel venting and vessel vibrations are also presented.

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Section: A Main Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Video analysis of dust events in full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade

et al. 2016

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“…It has been long understood that the transport of dust particles is a major safety issue for ITER and future fusion devices, owing to the possibility of radioactive or toxic dust release to the atmosphere upon loss of vacuum accidents [17]. Moreover, dust transport has been consistently observed in tokamaks [18]. Tolias et al broadly described the effect of dust transport in the ITER fusion reactor and concluded that the effect of nano-asperities due to morphological changes appearing during plasma operations is one of the main factors causing particles' mobilization [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hydrogen plasma on the structure and morphology of tin and lead micrometer sized particles

Shefer

Nikipelov

Kerkhof

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The morphological stability of micrometer sized particles in hydrogen plasma is essential for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, the ITER fusion program and the application of catalyst reactions. We experimentally investigated the morphological evolution of tin (Sn), lead (Pb) and lead (II) oxide (PbO) micrometer sized particles on a surface which is exposed to a low pressure hydrogen plasma. Post treatment particle cross sections obtained by a Scanning Electron Microscope accompanied by a Focus Ion Beam demonstrated a signiﬁcant inﬂuence of hydrogen plasma exposure on both the surface and the bulk material of the particles: lead particles appeared to be more vulnerable to direct etching while tin particles demonstrated the growth of cavities within their volume. As explanation for the observed plasma-induced morphological changes, we suggest two major mechanisms: chemical etching with as a result the formation of volatile hydrides and the accumulation of pressurized molecular hydrogen in cavities in the bulk material. These mechanisms may inﬂuence the adhesion of particles to the surface through the introduction of asperities and fragmentation through the introduction of mechanical stress.

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“…An electrostatic dust detector for carbon and lithium particles has been developed in laboratory experiments [2][3][4] and has been successfully applied to dust detection in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), 5 Tore Supra, 6 and the Large Helical Device (LHD). 7 The detector consists of a square grid of 25 μm wide interlocking copper traces, separated by 25 μm and biased to 50 V DC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Note: Electrostatic detection of stainless steel dust particles for fusion applications

Landy

Skinner

Schneider

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Dust accumulation inside next-step fusion devices poses a significant safety concern and dust diagnostics will be needed to assure safe operations. An electrostatic dust detection device has been successfully demonstrated in the National Spherical Torus Experiment, Tore Supra, and the Large Helical Device, and the detector's response to carbon particles was previously characterized in laboratory experiments. This paper presents laboratory results showing that detection of stainless steel particles at levels as low as several μg/cm(2) is also possible.

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First results from dust detection during plasma discharges on Tore Supra

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Video analysis of dust events in full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade

Video analysis of dust events in full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade

The impact of hydrogen plasma on the structure and morphology of tin and lead micrometer sized particles

Note: Electrostatic detection of stainless steel dust particles for fusion applications

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