First Report on Detection of Dengue Virus in the Donor Cornea

Janani, M K; Parthasarathy, Durgadevi; Jayavel, Padmapriya; Malathi, Jambulingam; Kulandai, Lily Therese; Madhavan, H. N.

doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000001706

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Conversely, adenovirus in donors without active keratitis is not excluded due to the negligible impact on recipients despite a high prevalence in the population and an established role in keratoconjunctivitis. 12 The nucleic acids of other viruses, 13 such as CMV, can also be detected in eye bank stored corneal tissues without significant reactivation or infection risk in immunocompetent patients. 14 The transmission of airborne respiratory pathogens via the cornea has not been reported to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One threat, different answers: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cornea donation and donor selection across Europe

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesTo assess to which extent the COVID-19 pandemic affected corneal transplantation by virtue of donor selection algorithms in different European countries.DesignSurvey.Setting110 eye banks in 26 European countries.Participants64 eye banks covering 95% of European corneal transplantation activity.InterventionsA questionnaire listing the number of corneas procured and distributed from February to May 2018–2020 was circulated to eye banks.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of corneal procurements. Additional outcomes were national algorithms for donor selection, classified according to their stringency (donors with COVID-19 history, suspected for COVID-19, asymptomatic, PCR testing) and the pandemic severity in each country. We calculated Spearman’s correlation coefficient to determine, two by two, the relationship between the 3-month decline in eye banking activity (procurement), the stringency of donor selection algorithm and the grading of pandemic severity (cases and deaths). A partial correlation was run to determine the relationship between decline and stringency while controlling for pandemic severity.ResultsProcurements decreased by 38%, 68% and 41%, respectively, in March, April and May 2020 compared with the mean of the previous 2 years, while grafts decreased, respectively, by 28%, 68% and 56% corresponding to 3866 untreated patients in 3 months. Significant disparities between countries and the decrease in activity correlated with stringency in donor selection independent of pandemic severity.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate significant differences between countries regarding donor screening algorithms based on precautionary principles and, consequently, a decrease in the donor pool, already constrained by a long list of contraindications. Fundamental studies are needed to determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by corneal transplantation and guide evidence-based recommendations for donor selection to justify their substantial medical and economic impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One threat, different answers: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cornea donation and donor selection across Europe

et al. 2020

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“…While the literature on corneal infection due to flaviviruses is sparse, a recent study reported the presence of DENV3 in human donor's cornea [67] [64] and the ability of WNV to infect mouse and human cornea [77]. The closely related DENV is more prevalent worldwide as compared to ZIKV, and its emergence as an ocular pathogen has lead to the term "dengue eye disease" [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a member of the flavivirus family, ZIKV is closely related to DENV, which has also been implicated in causing ocular complications [25]. Moreover, the presence of DENV has recently been reported in the donor cornea [64]. Thus, we sought to test the infectivity of all four DENV serotypes in Pr.…”

Section: Dengue Virus Shows Limited Infectivity To Pr Hcecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, DENV infection in cornea is rarely reported. Recently, the presence of DENV3 has been detected in a donor cornea, indicating that DENV could be transmitted by cornea transplantation [58]. Although DENV and ZIKV belongs to the same family Flaviviridae, one of our recent studies showed a differential modulation of RPE innate responses in DENV versus ZIKV infection [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) restricts Zika virus replication in primary human corneal epithelial cells

Singh

Farr

et al. 2019

The Ocular Surface

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Purpose: Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as an important human pathogen causing ocular complications. There have been reports of the shedding of ZIKV in human as well as animal tears. In this study, we investigated the infectivity of ZIKV in corneal epithelial cells and their antiviral immune response. Methods: Primary human corneal epithelial cells (Pr. HCECs) and an immortalized cell line (HUCL) were infected with two different strains of ZIKV (PRVABC59 & BeH823339) or dengue virus (DENV, serotypes 1-4). Viral infectivity was assessed by immunostaining of viral antigen and plaque assay. qRT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were used to assess the expression of innate inflammatory and antiviral genes. Supplementation of recombinant ISG15 (rISG15) and gene silencing approaches were used to elucidate the role of ISG15 in corneal antiviral defense. Results: Pr. HCECs, but not the HUCL cells, were permissive to both ZIKV strains and specifically to DENV3 infection. ZIKV induced the expression of viral recognition receptors (TLR3, RIG-I, & MDA5), and genes involved in inflammatory (CXCL10& CCL5) and antiviral (IFNs, MX1, OAS2, ISG15) responses in Pr. HCECs. Furthermore, ZIKV infection caused Pr. HCECs cell death, as evidenced by TUNEL staining. Silencing of ISG15 increased ZIKV infectivity while supplementation with rISG15 reduced ZIKV infection by direct inactivation of ZIKV and inhibiting its entry. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates for the first time, that ZIKV virus can readily infect and replicate in Pr. HCECs. Therefore, ZIKV may persist in the cornea and pose the potential risk of transmission via corneal transplantation.

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“…This inflammation compromised the local immunity of the eyeball and led to the invasion of secondary infection by conjunctival flora, Staphylococcus epidermidis . Although in all of the previously existing scant literature on dengue-related panophthalmitis, the inflammatory or immunological role of the dengue virus is postulated, only one other report[ 13 ] suggests the presence of DENV detected in the RNA extracted from the donor corneoscleral rim excised from a cadaver with a history of viral hemorrhagic fever. The current series shows the presence of the DENV from the intraocular tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of dengue virus in eviscerated specimens of panophthalmitis secondary to dengue fever: A possible cause-effect phenomenon

Dave

Sharma

Lakshmi

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To report a retrospective series of three cases of infectious panophthalmitis post-dengue fever with ex vivo confirmation of dengue virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the tissues of the eye. Methods: Four eyes of three patients, who were diagnosed with panophthalmitis following dengue fever and who underwent evisceration, were included. All demographic and clinical data were recorded. The eviscerated samples were subjected to direct microscopy, culture for bacteria, fungi, and parasites, and molecular virology (dengue virus [DENV] NS1-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay). Results: The time from the development of dengue fever to the occurrence of ocular symptoms was 4.33 ± 1.15 (median 5) days. DENV NS1 RNA, suggestive of the presence of the dengue virus, was confirmed in all evisceration specimens (uveal tissue, cornea). All the patients recovered completely from dengue fever and on follow-up had healthy eviscerated sockets. Conclusion: Demonstration of the DENV RNA in the eviscerated specimens of panophthalmitis following dengue fever implicates the DENV in the pathophysiology of the ocular infection.

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First Report on Detection of Dengue Virus in the Donor Cornea

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

One threat, different answers: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cornea donation and donor selection across Europe

One threat, different answers: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cornea donation and donor selection across Europe

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) restricts Zika virus replication in primary human corneal epithelial cells

Evidence of dengue virus in eviscerated specimens of panophthalmitis secondary to dengue fever: A possible cause-effect phenomenon

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