First Report of Transmission of Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus by Aphis glycines in the New World

Abstract

Quick LinksAddThe recent discovery of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura, in the North Central region of the United States is significant because it is the first time that a soybeancolonizing aphid has been detected in the New World. Although the aphid has the potential to cause physiological loss of up to 52% on soybeans (4), it can also transmit Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Transmission of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has not been reported. SMV, and less commonly AMV, are found in soybeans in the North Central states and are transmitted by numerous aphids in a nonpersistent manner (2; Grau, unpublished). For SMV, potential exists for specificity of transmission between virus strain and aphid species (3).For these reasons, it was important to determine if an endemic isolate of these viruses could be transmitted by this introduced species of aphid in the North Central region.Transmission experiments were conducted as described (3), using 3, 5, and 10 aphids per

Similarities in Seed and Aphid Transmission Among Soybean mosaic virus Isolates

“…Since SMV rarely infects alternative host species, seedborne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections (18). Controlling seed-borne SMV infections has become more important with the discovery of Aphis glycines Matsumara in North America, which can efficiently transmit SMV among soybean plants (10,13,19). SMV isolates can be divided into strains (G1 through G7) based on the symptoms they produce on a differential set of soybean lines (9,36).…”

Biology and Economics of Recommendations for Insecticide-Based Management of Soybean Aphid

“…Prolonged infestations beginning early in the season can affect all soybean yield components, while later infestations tend to only reduce seed size (Beckendorf et al 2008). Soybean aphid feeding can also facilitate population growth of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinhoe (McCarville et al 2014), and transmit several disease-causing viruses of soybean (e.g., Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus) (Hill et al 2001;Mueller and Grau 2007) and other crops (Davis et al 2005;Davis and Radcliffe 2008;DiFonzo and Agle 2008;Wang et al 2006). Because these soybean viruses are not currently recognized as consistent, significant threats to yield in the north-central United States, they are not accounted for in general soybean aphid management recommendations.…”

Evolution of Soybean Aphid Biotypes: Understanding and Managing Virulence to Host-Plant Resistance

“…Dramatic yield losses of up to 50% have been reported under heavy soybean aphid infestations (Wang et al, 1994), and evidence suggests even small infestations can lead to disruptions in normal soybean physiology (Macedo et al 2003). The soybean aphid also poses a potentially large threat to soybeans because of its ability to vector a variety of viruses such as Potato Y virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Soybean mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus and possibly Soybean dwarf virus to soybean and other crops (Iwaki et al 1980;Hill et al 2001;Clark & Perry 2002), adding to the economic importance of this pest. Virus transmission is especially important in food grade, seed grade and organic soybean production, since known thresholds are only based to prevent yield loss.…”