First report of the prevalence and genotype of Trypanosoma spp. in bats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Cai, Yanan; Wang, Xu; Zhang, Nan; Li, Jianhua; Gong, Pengtao; He, Bingfang; Zhang, Xichen

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105105

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The current study provides the first investigation on trypanosomes in a wide range of Thai bat species with an overall prevalence of 6.6% (38/576). Compared to previous studies in Asia, the current prevalence was comparable to a report from Yunnan, China (6.17%), though (Cai et al ., 2019) lower than another study in Shandong, China (10.3%) (Wang et al ., 2019). Additionally, the prevalence was still higher than the prevalence in Japan (2.13%) (Mafie et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…(1999, 2000) and Cai et al . (2019). The first-round PCR was performed using the primers TRY927F and TRY927R (Noyes et al ., 1999, 2000) in a total volume of 12.5 μ L containing 1× PCR buffer KOD FX Neo, 0.4 m m dNTPs, 0.3 μ m each primer, 0.25 units KOD FX Neo DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Japan), 1.75 μ L sterile distilled water and 1 μ L of genomic DNA as a template.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first-round PCR was performed using the primers TRY927F and TRY927R (Noyes et al ., 1999, 2000) in a total volume of 12.5 μ L containing 1× PCR buffer KOD FX Neo, 0.4 m m dNTPs, 0.3 μ m each primer, 0.25 units KOD FX Neo DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Japan), 1.75 μ L sterile distilled water and 1 μ L of genomic DNA as a template. The primers SSU561F and SSU561R were used for the secondary PCR (Cai et al ., 2019). The undiluted PCR product from the first round was used as a template in the second amplification with a total volume of 12.5 μ L reaction mixture, which consisted of 7.5625 μ L sterile distilled water, 1× Ex Taq buffer, 0.2 m m dNTP mixture, 0.25 μ m each primer, 0.3125 units of Takara Ex Taq (Takara Bio, USA) and 2 μ L first-round PCR product.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that several species can cause severe diseases in humans and animals, as well as economic losses (Ponte-Sucre, 2016), these blood parasites have been largely neglected, especially those of wildlife origin. Recent studies have revealed the diversity and global distribution of trypanosomes in bats in America (Dos Santos et al ., 2018; Barros et al ., 2019; Bergner et al ., 2021 a ; Torres-Castro et al ., 2021), Africa (Lima et al ., 2012; Clément et al ., 2020), Europe (Baker, 1973; Hamilton et al ., 2012 a ), Asia (Mafie et al ., 2018; Cai et al ., 2019; Wang et al ., 2019) and Australia (Barbosa et al ., 2016; Austen et al ., 2020). To date, more than 30 trypanosome species have been identified from various bat species, with the majority of them being found in insectivorous bats (Molyneux, 1991; Cavazzana et al ., 2010; Lima et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite growing knowledge and the rapid development of diagnostic methods for identifying new pathogens, several of the bat hosts that can be infected by trypanosomes, as well as their geographic distribution, remain largely unknown. Surveillance of these parasites in Asia has mainly been conducted in China, Taiwan and Japan (Mafie et al ., 2018; Cai et al ., 2019; Wang et al ., 2019; Clément et al ., 2020). These studies have highlighted the variety of trypanosomes found in bats from various regions, as well as the importance of bats as a natural reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

et al. 2022

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The vast majority of trypanosome species is vector-borne parasites, with some of them being medically and veterinary important (such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei) and capable of causing serious illness in vertebrate hosts. The discovery of trypanosomes in bats emphasizes the importance of bats as an important reservoir. Interestingly, there is a hypothesis that bats are ancestral hosts of T. cruzi. Trypanosome diversity has never been investigated in bats in Thailand, despite being in a biodiversity hot spot. To gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolutionary relationship of trypanosomes, polymerase chain reaction-based surveys were carried out from 2018 to 2020 in 17 sites. A total of 576 bats were captured, representing 23 species. A total of 38 (6.6%) positive samples was detected in ten bat species. Trypanosoma dionisii and Trypanosoma noyesi were identified from Myotis siligorensis and Megaderma spasma, respectively. The remaining 18S rRNA sequences of trypanosomes were related to other trypanosomes previously reported elsewhere. The sequences in the current study showed nucleotide identity as low as 90.74% compared to those of trypanosomes in the GenBank database, indicating the possibility of new species. All bat trypanosomes identified in the current study fall within the T. cruzi clade. The current study adds to evidence linking T. noyesi to a bat trypanosome and further supports the bat host origin of the T. cruzi clade. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study on bat trypanosomes in Thailand and their phylogenetic relationships with global isolates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

et al. 2022

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Interaction between Old World fruit bats and humans: From large scale ecosystem services to zoonotic diseases

2022

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Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

Al-Ghafli

2021

Preprint

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Trypanosomatids are a diverse family of protozoan parasites, some of which cause devastating human and livestock diseases. There are two distinct infection life-cycles in trypanosomatids; some species complete their entire life-cycle in a single host (monoxenous) while others infect two hosts (dixenous). Dixenous trypanosomatids are mostly vectored by insects, and the human trypanosomatid diseases are transmitted mainly by vectored parasites. While infection prevalence has been described for subsets of hosts and trypanosomatids, little is known about whether monoxenous and dixenous trypanosomatids differ in infection prevalence. Here, we use meta-analyses to synthesise all published evidence of trypanosomatid infection prevalence for the last two decades. We employed a semi-automated screening protocol, using machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, resulting in the qualitative inclusion of 569 citations and quantitative inclusion of 261 citations. We find striking difference in infection prevalence with monoxenous species having twice the infection prevalence (19.8%) than dixenous species (8.68%) in both insect and non-insect hosts and are more than three-fold more prevalent in insects (20.9%) compared to their dixenous kins (6.61%). We also find that dixenous trypanosomatids have lower infection prevalence among insects compared to their definitive hosts, which is consistent across dixenous genera. Within the monoxenous trypanosomatids, genera infecting bees are characterised with the highest prevalence, which does not vary between wild and managed bees. To our knowledge, these results reveal for the first time, a fundamental difference in infection prevalence according to host specificity where vectored species suffer from lower infection prevalence as a result of a ‘jack of all trades, master of none’ style trade-off between the vector and definitive host.

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First report of the prevalence and genotype of Trypanosoma spp. in bats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

Interaction between Old World fruit bats and humans: From large scale ecosystem services to zoonotic diseases

Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

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