First report of the pitch canker fungus, <i>Fusarium circinatum</i>, on pines in Chile

Wingfield, M.J.; Jacobs, Adriaana; Coutinho, Teresa A.; Ahumada, Rodrigo; Wingfield, Brenda D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00710.x

Cited by 91 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These are commonly made by twig, bark and cone beetles such as species of Ips, Conophthorus, Ernobius and Pissodes nemorensis, which are also known to vector the pathogen (DeBarr and Barrows-Broadduss 1986. It is believed that the general absence of bark and twig-boring insects in South Africa is a possible reason that outbreaks of pitch canker on mature pine trees has remained absent for so long (Wingfield et al , 2002b. A notable exception is P. nemorensis, which is a well-established pest in South African pine plantations (Gebeyehu and Wingfield 2003).…”

Section: Infection and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium circinatum was first described on infected Pinus virginiana trees in North Carolina, USA (Hepting and Roth 1946). Subsequently, the pathogen has been identified in Haiti (Berry and Hepting 1959), all of south-eastern USA down to Florida (Dwinell et al 1985), California (McCain et al 1987), Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto 1989), South Africa (Viljoen et al 1994), Spain (Dwinell et al 1998), Mexico (Guerra-Santos 1999), Chile (Wingfield et al 2002b), Italy (Carlucci et al 2007) and most recently Portugal (Bragança et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it was known to occur on nursery seedlings elsewhere Blakeslee 1980, Dwinell 1999), its emergence as a major nursery pathogen in South Africa was a problem unique to this country (Viljoen et al 1994, 1997, Bayley and Blakeway 2002, Wingfield et al 2002a, and later also in Chile (Wingfield et al 2002b) and Portugal (Bragança et al 2009). In South Africa, the impact of the pathogen in nurseries has extended beyond the direct losses to nursery plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Mitchell

Steenkamp

Coutinho

et al. 2011

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

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Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded as one of the most important threats to pine plantations by a pathogen. Fusarium circinatum was first discovered in South Africa in 1990 where it infected Pinus patula seedlings in a nursery. Subsequently, the pathogen spread to pine nurseries in all other parts of the country, where it affects several Pinus species. Fusarium circinatum then appeared in the field where it has resulted in large-scale mortality of mostly young P. patula seedlings after planting. Pitch canker first appeared on mature P. radiata in 2006 and sporadic outbreaks of the disease have occurred subsequently on this species and on P. greggii in the western, southern and north-eastern Cape. Pinus patula is the most important softwood species grown in South Africa, comprising 50% of all softwoods planted, and is highly susceptible to F. circinatum. The pathogen, therefore, poses a potentially devastating threat to the future sustainability of the South African softwood industry. Strategic measures to minimise further spread are urgently needed. This review presents an overview of the impact that F. circinatum has had on South African forestry, and it considers the long-term prospects for pine forestry in the country as this relates to the presence of the pitch canker fungus.

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Section: Infection and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Mitchell

Steenkamp

Coutinho

et al. 2011

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

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“…Since its discovery in the USA in 1946 [6], it has been introduced to Japan [7], South Africa [8], South Korea [9], and Chile [10]. In 2005, it was reported in Spain [11], although it was observed in of the inoculum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Dvořák

Janoš

Botella

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries. Since this world-wide known pathogen was introduced in Europe, its biology in this newly infested area still remains scarcely known. To shed more light on this topic, we set up an experiment on a naturally PPC infested forest of Monterey pine in Galicia (NW Spain) with the following two goals: (i) to describe the seasonal spore dispersal pattern during one year of regular sampling and (ii) to assess the spatial spore dispersal pattern around the infested plot. Portable rotating arm spore traps were used and complemented with meteorological measurements. The abundance of F. circinatum spores in the samples was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with a hydrolysis probe. The results showed almost permanent occurrence of the air inoculum throughout the whole year, being detected in 27 of the 30 samplings. No clear temporal trends were observed, but a higher air inoculum was favoured by previous lower air temperatures and lower leaf wetness. Conversely, neither rainfall nor air humidity seemed to have any significant importance. The spatial spread of the inoculum was noted to be successful up to a distance of 1000 m in the wind direction, even with winds of just 5 m·s −1 . Our study shows that rotating arm spore traps combined with qPCR may be an efficient tool for F. circinatum detection.

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“…Pitch canker was first reported in 1946 on Pinus virginiana in North Carolina, USA (Hepting and Roth, 1946), and it later appeared on Pinus elliottii in Florida, Pinus taeda in Mississippi, and on Pinus radiata in California where it has caused a significant epidemic in its native range (Dwinell and Phelps, 1977;Gordon et al, 2001;Storer et al, 1997). The pathogen is also found in Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto, 1989), South Africa (Viljoen et al, 1994), Mexico (Guerra-Santos, 1999), South Korea (Lee et al, 2000), Chile (Wingfield et al, 2002), Spain (Landeras et al, 2005), and was recently reported from Italy (Carlucci et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of Pathogenic Variation against Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum in Pinus thunbergii and Responses of Natural Selection Pinus × rigitaeda to Branch Inoculation in a Seed Orchard

Woo¹,

Yoon²,

Han³

et al. 2010

The Plant Pathology Journal

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A half-sib family of two 4-year-old seedlings of Pinus × rigitaeda was inoculated with each of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of Fusarium circinatum (syn. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini) from two pitch canker damaged sites in Jeju Island, South Korea. Initial symptoms of needle damages were visible on most of the seedlings at 18 days after inoculation. The 20 tested isolates were not significantly different in virulence, based on lesion lengths at the site of inoculation (P = 0.217). The most virulent isolate FT-7 showed the longest lesion length. Some seedlings began to die 46 days after inoculation. All seedlings were dead by 68 days after inoculation except two seedlings inoculated with each of isolates FS-2 and FS-13, respectively. Using the FT-7, 38-year-old 11 P. × rigitaeda trees, which were survived from a seed orchard severely damaged by pitch canker, were inoculated on branches in the seed orchard in Jeju Island to assess differences in susceptibility to pitch canker. The 11 trees differed significantly (P < 0.001) in susceptibility to F. circinatum based on average lesion lengths measured 56 days after inoculation. It is possible that induced resistance contributed to their capacity to limit lesion development. The susceptibility of natural selection P. × rigitaeda trees are more likely affected by interaction with F. circinatum rather than environmental conditions.

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First report of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, on pines in Chile

Cited by 91 publications

References 3 publications

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Assessment of Pathogenic Variation against Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum in Pinus thunbergii and Responses of Natural Selection Pinus × rigitaeda to Branch Inoculation in a Seed Orchard

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