First Report of Systemic Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy Caused by <i>Peronospora somniferi</i> in Australia

Thangavel, Tamilarasan; Wilson, C. R.; Jones, SJ; Scott, Jason B.; Voglmayr, Hermann

doi:10.1094/pdis-06-16-0796-pdn

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…P. meconopsidis produces localized angular necrotic lesions on adaxial leaf surfaces with sparse sporulation on abaxial leaf surfaces. P. somniferi causes systemic downy mildew infection resulting in stunted plant growth, deformed leaf growth, little or no necrosis, and heavy sporulation on the abaxial leaf surfaces (Thangavel et al, 2017; Voglmayr et al, 2014). Diseased plant parts, infested soil, and infected seeds have been identified as the main source of primary infection (Montes‐Borrego et al, 2009, 2011; Navas‐Cortés et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp. SMR1

Ray

Pandey

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Downy mildew is one of the most serious diseases of Papaver somniferum. Endophytes isolated from different parts of P. somniferum were screened for their ability to enhance resistance against downy mildew caused by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Peronospora meconopsidis. Two endophytes (SMR1 and SMR2) reduced the downy mildew on three P. somniferum genotypes (Sampada, J‐16, and I‐14). SMR1 (Microbacterium sp.) also enhanced the resistance of P. somniferum against downy mildew under field conditions. The biochemical markers of plant susceptibility under biotic stresses (proline and malondialdehyde) were found to be reduced in P. somniferum upon SMR1 treatment. To understand the mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance to downy mildew in SMR1 endophyte‐treated P. somniferum genotype J‐16, we compared the expression profiles using the next‐generation RNA sequencing approach between P. somniferum pretreated with SMR1 and untreated endophyte‐free control plants following exposure to downy mildew pathogen. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of transcripts belonging to broad classes of signal transduction, protein modification, disease/defense proteins, transcription factors, and phytohormones in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum after infection with downy mildew pathogen. Furthermore, enhanced salicylic acid content was observed in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum after exposure to downy mildew pathogen. This study sheds light on molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to downy mildew in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum. Finally, we propose that the SA‐dependent defense pathway, the hallmark of systemic acquired resistance, is activated in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum, triggering the endophyte‐induced resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp. SMR1

Ray

Pandey

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of poppy worldwide and causes substantial economic losses to the Australian poppy industry [5,6]. Two pathogen species, Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, can cause downy mildew, with each associated with a distinct set of symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However since 2014, systemic plant infections resulting in stunted plant growth, leaf deformation and heavy sporulation on the abaxial leaf surfaces have been observed. These symptoms are associated with infections by P. somniferi [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on opium poppy downy mildews caused by Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi

Thangavel

Scott²,

Jones³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Downy mildew of opium poppy is the single biggest disease constraint afflicting the Australian poppy industry. Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. These methods are recommended for seed treatment of commercial opium poppy seed to assist in the control of the downy mildew diseases.

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“…In Australia, a localized necrotic form of the disease caused by infection with Pe. meconopsidis has affected crops since its first report in 1996 (Cotterill & Pascoe, 1998; Thangavel, Wilson, Jones, Scott, & Voglmayr, 2016; Voglmayr, Montes‐Borrego, & Landa, 2014). Since 2013, a second form of downy mildew has been found resulting from infection with Pe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2013, a second form of downy mildew has been found resulting from infection with Pe. somniferi that induces systemic symptoms distinct from the former and results in greater crop damage (Thangavel et al., 2016; Voglmayr et al., 2014). Systemic infections are characterized by stunted growth of the poppy plants with chlorotic leaves associated with profuse sporulation in the abaxial leaf surface (Thangavel et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range of Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis within selected members of the Papaveraceae under controlled conditions

Krishnamoorthy

Thangavel

Jones

et al. 2020

Journal of Phytopathology

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Opium poppy, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is grown for its alkaloid compounds of pharmaceutical value. Downy mildew caused by Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis, substantially impacts crop production. The present study was conducted to identify the host range of Pe. somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis within selected weed and ornamental members of the Papaveraceae family. Nine Papaver spp., Meconopsis cambrica and a nonhost control (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum) were challenged with both pathogens under controlled glasshouse or laboratory conditions using infested soil or foliar applied sporangia as inocula. Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis induced disease symptoms, including sporulation, in at least one trial for all tested species except for Pa. atlanticum and tomato. Species‐specific PCR testing of foliage of challenged plants confirmed infections by both pathogen species of symptomatic plants, identifying these as hosts. Positive PCR tests were also obtained from Pa. atlanticum plants for both pathogens. However, in the absence of pathogen sporulation structures as further evidence of infection, the host status of Pa. atlanticum remains inconclusive. Testing of seeds collected from Pe. somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis infected plants of Pa. somniferum, Pa. dubium, Pa. rhoeas and Pa. nudicaule showed presence of both pathogens, indicating likely ability for seed transmission in these species. We identified new hosts of these pathogens and discuss potential implications of these alternative hosts in pathogen survival, dissemination and epidemic initiation.

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First Report of Systemic Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy Caused by Peronospora somniferi in Australia

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp. SMR1

Molecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp. SMR1

Effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on opium poppy downy mildews caused by Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi

Host range of Peronospora somniferi and Pe. meconopsidis within selected members of the Papaveraceae under controlled conditions

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