First Report of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Zea mays L. in Ukraine

Abstract

Maize viral diseases especially maize dwarf mosaic disease (MDMD), which is caused by potyviruses, lead to significant crop losses worldwide. Aim. The aim of this work was to identify the causal agent of mosaic symptoms, observed on maize plants during 2018—2020 in Kyiv region. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the DAS-ELISA modification using commercial Loewe Biochemica test systems for Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were applied to identify the causal agent of maize disease in collected samples. Transmission electron microscopy was used in order to direct viral particle visualisation. Aphids, which are natural vectors of plant viruses, were found on diseased plants. Results. Plants with typical mosaic symptoms were observed in corn crops of the Kyiv region in early June 2018. The pathogen was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to maize and sweet maize plants with the manifestation of mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy of the sap from diseased plants revealed the presence of flexible filamentous virions 750 nm long and 13 nm in diameter, typical for the genus Potyvirus. In August, mosaic symptoms and aphids Rhopalosiphum padi were found on previously healthy plants in the same maize crop. In 2020, in the same sown area, maize plants were free of viral infection during inspection in June, but a re-inspection in September revealed mosaic symptoms on maize crop and the presence of aphids in the leaf axils. The presence of SCMV in maize samples collected in June and August/September 2018 and 2020, as well as in inoculated maize and sweet maize plants, was confirmed by ELISA using a commercial test system. The obtained data allow suggesting that Rhopalosiphum padi is a natural vector of SCMV in agrocenoses of Ukraine. It should be noted that co-infection with MDMV and WSMV in the affected plants was not detected. Conclusions. This study presents the first report of SCMV in maize in Ukraine.