First report of Spirocerca vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Portugal

Gama, Adelina; Rojas, Alicia; Pires, Isabel; Coutinho, Teresa; Seixas, Fernanda; Silva, Filipe; Lopes, Ana Patrícia; Cardoso, Luı́s; Baneth, Gad

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06794-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recently another species, Spirocerca vulpis , was described in the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) (Rojas et al 2018 ) and identified in several European countries (Gama et al 2020 ; Martín-Pérez et al 2020 ; Rojas et al 2020b ). Data suggest that S. vulpis is more prone to cause nodules in the stomach rather than in the oesophagus, as happens for S. lupi (Rojas et al 2020b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirocerca lupi in the stomach of two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from Chile

et al. 2023

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The genus Spirocerca includes nematodes that parasitize the stomach and the oesophagus of carnivores, chiefly canids. Herein, we provide new data about the morphological, histopathological, and molecular characterization of Spirocerca sp. in Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) in Chile. Intact immature worms, identified as Spirocerca sp., were recovered in the lumen of the stomach from two foxes. Histologically, worms morphologically consistent with spirurid nematodes were present within the wall of the stomach and surrounded by nodular areas of inflammation with central necrotic debris. Molecular analysis of the cox1 gene yielded 19 sequences and 5 nucleotide sequence types with 99.95 to 99.98% similarity, being shared between both foxes. Nucleotide similarity ranged from 93.1 (with genotype 2 of S. lupi and S. vulpis) to 95.8% (with genotype 1 of S. lupi), a higher similarity than noted from sequences of S. lupi from an Andean fox from Peru (91.0 to 93.3%). However, the Poisson Tree Processes for species delineation did not support the existence of a new species Spirocerca. Phylogenetic and nucleotide analyses suggest that these specimens belong to a new variant or genotype of S. lupi or to a cryptic species. Whether the presence of the worms in the stomach has to do with genotypic differences in parasites or host or some combination is uncertain. Spirocerca lupi has never been found in Chilean dogs and must be investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirocerca lupi in the stomach of two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from Chile

et al. 2023

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“…Most reports have been done with the observation of eggs in feces or post-mortem macroscopic observation of adult worms in lesions at necropsy, but molecular analyses have been implemented for species confirmation only is some of these reports (Gomez-Puerta et al, 2018). The importance of running both microscopic and molecular methods was demonstrated with the description of Spirocerca vulpis, a sister species of S. lupi that infects red foxes in Europe (Gama et al, 2020;Rojas et al, 2020a). S. vulpis is macroscopically undistinguishable from S. lupi but shows 30 um teeth in the buccal capsule and molecular divergence of 0.19-0.25% in the 18S rDNA and 9.34% in the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) when compared to S. lupi (Rojas et al, 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this setting, cryptic diversity within species can also be detected by using morphometric comparisons and mitochondrial and ribosomal markers (Chaves-Gonzalez et al, 2022). Importantly, S. vulpis has not been reported in the Americas, despite the introduction and range expansion of red foxes to North America in modern times (Hoffman and Sillero-Zubiri, 2021) and its finding in Portugal (Gama et al, 2020), Switzerland (Rojas et al, 2020a) and France (Medkour et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses

Alfaro-Segura,

Robleto-Quesada,

Montenegro-Hidalgo

et al. 2023

Front. Parasitol.

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Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild canids of the world. This nematode induces esophageal spirocercosis and may eventually lead to carcinomas, aortic aneurisms, and death of the animal. Two genotypes of S. lupi have been described based on specimens from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, but no profound analysis has been conducted with S. lupi from the Americas. To study this, S. lupi specimens isolated from domestic dogs from Mexico, Costa Rica, and the United States, were molecularly characterized using 18S rDNA and cox1 fragments. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) haplotype networks and Principal coordinate analysis on nucleotide distances were constructed for each locus separately. In addition, a phylogeographic study using a fragment of the cox1 gene was used to infer the evolutionary history of the genus. BI cox1 trees grouped S. lupi from the Americas in genotype 1, together with Israeli specimens, and showed a high nucleotide identity with those worms. In the TCS network, American specimens clustered next to Israeli S. lupi. Furthermore, the 18S rDNA gene fragment separated Costa Rican worms from African, Asian, and European specimens and other species of the family Spiruridae. Interestingly, the phylogeographic analysis suggested that the origin of S. vulpis was in Europe, and it later diverged into S. lupi that spread first to Africa, then to Asia and finally to the Americas. Therefore, we suggest that the worms from the American continent might have originated from Asia by dispersion of infected intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts.

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Molecular phylogenetic study in Spirocercidae (Nematoda) with description of a new species Spirobakerus sagittalis sp. nov. in wild canid Cerdocyon thous from Brazil

et al. 2021

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First report of Spirocerca vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Portugal

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Spirocerca lupi in the stomach of two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from Chile

Spirocerca lupi in the stomach of two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from Chile

Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses

Molecular phylogenetic study in Spirocercidae (Nematoda) with description of a new species Spirobakerus sagittalis sp. nov. in wild canid Cerdocyon thous from Brazil

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