First report of severe acute otitis media caused by Campylobacter rectus and review of the literature

Abstract

Campylobacter rectus is a member of the human oral flora and is associated with periodontal disease. We report the first case of severe acute otitis media (AOM) due to C. rectus in a previous healthy 15-year-old boy, which was confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. C. rectus is a possible causative pathogen of AOM.

MALDI-TOF MS contribution to the diagnosis of Campylobacter rectus multiple skull base and brain abscesses

“…The osteomyelitis of the petrous apex then provided the path to the petro-occipital fissure, cerebellopontine angle and cerebellar dissemination. Because C. rectus has been recognized as a causative pathogen of otitis media, and despite the lack of a middle ear sample, we assume that there is a causal link between this microorganism and the otitis media observed in our patient before admission [5]. Both the culture and identification of C. rectus are challenging for the microbiology laboratory.…”

“…Most campylobacters require a microaerobic atmosphere containing about 5% O 2 for isolation; however, some species, including C. rectus , can grow anaerobically in the presence of fumarate, aspartate, nitrate and/or H 2 [12] . The biochemical profile of C. rectus is well described but, in most reported cases, isolates were referred for 16S rRNA gene sequencing with excessive delays in the microbiological diagnosis and additional costs [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and accurate method that offers many advantages over conventional identification methods.…”

“…Campylobacter rectus had long been considered a commensal bacterium of the human oral cavity but emerging evidence indicates that it could become a major periodontal pathogen [1] . A few cases of extraoral abscesses and systemic infections have been reported in which C. rectus was always identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . We report here a case of multiple skull base and brain abscesses caused by C. rectus .…”

Pelvic Peritonitis Caused by Campylobacter rectus Infection: Case Report and Literature Review

“…Cases of maxillary and cerebral infections were reported following dental avulsions [9,13], the case of a breast abscess following nipple piercing [11], and a ligation-transection of the Fallopian tubes followed by a tubo-ovarian abscess in the case we are dealing with. Three cases do not have identified risk factors [14][15][16].…”

“…As a whole, 15 cases of extra-oral infections with CR were reported in published clinical data, affecting different tissues (Table 1) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The patient's recovery mainly depends upon his general health condition, the site affected by the infection but also a quick identification of CR and the provision of a proper and efficient treatment.…”