First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand

Everett, K.R.; Taylor, Robert K.; Romberg, Megan K.; Rees‐George, J.; Fullerton, R. A.; Vanneste, J. L.; Manning, M. A.

doi:10.1007/s13314-011-0023-9

Cited by 168 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…actinidiae V was reported in 2010 in the Bay of Plenty region and caused an estimated 50% loss of vines of the Hort16A kiwifruit variety known as Zespri Gold (4-6). This bacterial disease can affect all commercial species of kiwifruit (3,7,8). The main distinctive symptoms of disease are cankers on the vines and trunks, gummosis, dieback of the canes, wilting, and sometimes death of the vines (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Which Forms Biofilms Composed of a Novel Exopolysaccharide

Ghods

Sims

Moradali

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The biofilm formed by P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 m thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. Experimental evidence that P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched ␣-D-rhamnan with side chains of terminal ␣-D-Fucf and an ␣-D-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. About 64 and 73% of P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. Kasugamycin inhibited the attachment of P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 to solid surfaces at concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm. Kasugamycin was bacteriostatic against P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. actinidiae biofilms as well as used the biofilm as a model to assess the efficacies of bactericidal compounds. P seudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the main cause of kiwifruit canker, which is epidemic worldwide (1-3). The P. syringae pv. actinidiae epidemic in New Zealand is threatening the kiwifruit industry, which is the second most important horticultural export crop by monetary value in New Zealand. In New Zealand, the highly virulent strain P. syringae pv. actinidiae V was reported in 2010 in the Bay of Plenty region and caused an estimated 50% loss of vines of the Hort16A kiwifruit variety known as Zespri Gold (4-6). This bacterial disease can affect all commercial species of kiwifruit (3,7,8). The main distinctive symptoms of disease are cankers on the vines and trunks, gummosis, dieback of the canes, wilting, and sometimes death of the vines (5).Similar to other pseudomonads, P. syringae pv. actinidiae can form cell communities known as biofilms. The formation of biofilms is a physiological response to environmental stresses mediated by the regulation of specific sets of genes, including genes encoding virulence factors. Biofilm formation protects cells against host defense me...

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confidence: 99%

Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Which Forms Biofilms Composed of a Novel Exopolysaccharide

Ghods

Sims

Moradali

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…An independent outbreak occurred in New Zealand in 2010 [12] and Chile in 2011 [13]. Currently, the bacterial canker has spread to a pandemic scale [14] and it is the major cause of severe economic losses in all countries, such as Italy and New Zealand, where kiwifruit is a strategic crop [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very soon after, the disease also spread to the more resistant species A. deliciosa cv. Hayward [12,14]. In less than 3 years after its discovery, in New Zealand, Psa has been identified in more than 1400 orchards, representing the 52% of the surface cultivated with kiwifruit [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)

Donati

Buriani

Cellini

et al. 2014

JBR

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Abstract. Since 2008, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit has become the main pathogen of yellow and green fleshed kiwifruit. All major kiwifruit producing countries in the world have been affected by this bacterial pathogen, leading to substantial economic losses. This review presents the current knowledge on various aspects about the origin, epidemiology, detection and control strategies of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.

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“…Bacterial pathogens have also been identified, with bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae being by far the most serious disease to date in Japan, Korea, China, Iran, Italy, France and recently New Zealand [14,23,32,34,36]. However, there have been very few reports of viruses infecting kiwifruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterisation of two novel vitiviruses infecting Actinidia

et al. 2012

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Two co-infecting novel vitiviruses from Actinidia chinensis were identified from mechanically inoculated Nicotiana occidentalis. Both virus genomes were sequenced and share 64% nucleotide identity. Their overall structure is typical of vitiviruses, with five open reading frames (ORFs) and a polyadenylated 3' end. Open reading frame 4 (ORF4) encodes the coat protein, the most conserved gene of the vitiviruses, in which they share 75% amino acid identity, 61-68% with grapevine virus B, 55-59% with grapevine virus A, and 37-42% with grapevine virus E. Based on the molecular criteria for species demarcation in the family Betaflexiviridae, these are two novel viruses, tentatively named Actinidia virus A and Actinidia virus B.

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First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand

Cited by 168 publications

References 14 publications

Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Which Forms Biofilms Composed of a Novel Exopolysaccharide

Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Which Forms Biofilms Composed of a Novel Exopolysaccharide

New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)

Detection and characterisation of two novel vitiviruses infecting Actinidia

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