First report of piscine nodavirus infecting wild winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada

Barker, D. E.; MacKinnon, Ann-Margaret; Boston, Linda; Burt, M. D. B.; Cone, David K.; Speare, David J.; Griffiths, Siân Wyn; Cook, Marcia; Ritchie, Rachael J.; Olivier, G.

doi:10.3354/dao049099

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Strain H-NV/RI97 was almost identical (> 99%) to the published T4 sequence of Atlantic halibut strain AH95NorA (Grotmol et al 2000), but also to 2 NV strains isolated from Dover sole Pleuronectes platessa and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the UK (Starkey et al 2001). There is a lack of species-specificity of piscine NV, and local NV strains may be a risk to several susceptible species in an area (Curtis et al 2001, Barker et al 2002. There has been no screening of wild wolffish for NV or IPNV in Norway yet, but in Canada an NV strain isolated from a covertly infected wild winter flounder was more similar to strains from local cod than those reported from other pleuronectids elsewhere (Barker et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There is a lack of species-specificity of piscine NV, and local NV strains may be a risk to several susceptible species in an area (Curtis et al 2001, Barker et al 2002. There has been no screening of wild wolffish for NV or IPNV in Norway yet, but in Canada an NV strain isolated from a covertly infected wild winter flounder was more similar to strains from local cod than those reported from other pleuronectids elsewhere (Barker et al 2002).Temperature restriction seems to be more relevant than species-specificity in predicting NV strains of risk to coldwater species. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide sequences of T4, has indicated that the Atlantic halibut NV is closely related to the NV isolated from the barfin flounder Verasper moseri and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (Nishizawa et al 1997, Grotmol et al 2000.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Sommer¹,

Strand²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor is a promising new species for cold-water aquaculture. The broad host-range of piscine nodavirus (NV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) makes them potentially pathogenic to new fish species in aquaculture. IPNV and NV strains highly pathogenic in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglassus, respectively, in Norway were used for the challenge of spotted wolffish. In general, water-borne infection with IPNV and NV resulted in significant mortality among juveniles <1 g. Cumulative mortality after bath-challenge and cohabitation was 60 to 75% in the smallest juveniles (0.3 g). Intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of NV was 100% lethal to wolffish of 10 g, and the groups at 12°C died before those at 7°C. No cohabitants of this size died, but NV was still detectable in these individuals after 10 wk. A persistent IPNV infection with low mortality developed in bath-challenged juveniles of 0.7 g, in which IPNV was still detectable 4 mo later. This study comprises a demonstration of experimental viral infections in cultured spotted wolffish, although to date no natural outbreaks of viral diseases have been reported in this species. KEY WORDS: Viral nervous necrosis · VNN · Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy · VER · Nodavirus · Infectious pancreatic necrosis · IPN · IPN virus · Spotted wolffish Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 59: [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] 2004 Nakai 1997), and recently in the USA (Curtis et al. 2001) and Atlantic Canada (Johnson et al. 2002). Like IPN, VNN has caused high mortality in fry of Atlantic halibut (Grotmol et al. 1995), and in Atlantic cod (Starkey et al 2001, Johnson et al. 2002. Recently a persistent infection of NV was reported in halibut juveniles (Johansen et al 2002).The broad host-range of NV and IPNV makes these viruses potentially pathogenic to new fish species in aquaculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of spotted wolffish juveniles to NV and IPNV strains highly pathogenic to farmed Atlantic salmon and halibut in Norway, and proactively study the possibility of VNN or IPN outbreak in this species. Some factors known to affect the outcome of these viral infections in fishes, such as host size, water temperature and infection route, were examined in 3 separate challenge experiments. However, the virulence of NV and IPNV was not compared. MATERIALS AND METHODSInitially, production of farmed spotted wolffish was small and limited the number of fish available for experimental studies. The present study was performed over a 4 yr period, using 3 different generations of spotted wolffish progeny (P) produced in 1998, 2000 and 2001. Attempts at viral detection were done on all batches of non-challenged wolffish: in 2 pools of 5 juveniles sampled at the start and the end of the trials, as well as in dead individuals. Due to the low number of control fish in Expt 1, these were only...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Sommer¹,

Strand²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Reverse transcriptase PCR has been applied to amplify a portion of the coat protein gene (RNA2) of betanodavirus and is a powerful and sensitive method for detecting the infection [6,10,50,90]. Till date, PCR is the main diagnostic test that is being used by most of laboratories.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

et al. 2012

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“…Since the first description of VNN in Martinique (Bellance & Gallet de Saint Aurin 1988), this disease has occurred in more than 30 species of fish in Europe, Asia, Australia, and Japan (Munday & Nakai 1997, Munday et al 2002. Recently, betanodavirus infections have been reported in the UK (Starkey et al 2000(Starkey et al , 2001 and North America (Curtis et al 2001, Barker et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of piscine nodaviruses by real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA)

Starkey

Millar²,

Jenkins³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification procedure based on target-specific primers and probes, and the co-ordinated activity of 3 enzymes: AMV reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and T7 RNA polymerase. We have developed a real-time NASBA procedure for detection of piscine nodaviruses, which have emerged as major pathogens of marine fish. Viral RNA was isolated by guanidine thiocyanate lysis followed by purification on silica particles. Primers were designed to target sequences in the nodavirus capsid protein gene, yielding an amplification product of 120 nucleotides. Amplification products were detected in real-time with a molecular beacon (FAM labelled/methyl-red quenched) that recognised an internal region of the target amplicon. Amplification and detection were performed at 41°C for 90 min in a Corbett Research Rotorgene. Based on the detection of cell culture-derived nodavirus, and a synthetic RNA target, the real-time NASBA procedure was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than single-tube RT-PCR. When used to test a panel of 37 clinical samples (negative, n = 18; positive, n = 19), the real-time NASBA assay correctly identified all 18 negative and 19 positive samples. In comparison, the RT-PCR procedure identified all 18 negative samples, but only 16 of the positive samples. These results suggest that real-time NASBA may represent a sensitive and specific diagnostic procedure for piscine nodaviruses. KEY WORDS: Nodavirus · NASBA · RT-PCR · Diagnostics · Nucleic acid amplification Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 59: [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] 2004 ular diagnostic methods based on RT-PCR (Nishizawa et al. 1994, Grotmol et al. 2000 or nested RT-PCR (Dalla Valle et al. 2000) have been developed for betanodaviruses, and have contributed significantly to the diagnosis and control of VNN. However, these assays are relatively time-consuming, may be compromised by limited sensitivity, and are susceptible to false positive reactions arising from amplicon contamination.Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) (Compton 1991) is an isothermal method for nucleic acid amplification that is particularly suited to RNA targets (Kievits et al. 1991). Diagnostic procedures based on NASBA methodology have been described for several viruses including Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (de Baar et al. 1999), cytomegalovirus (Witt et al. 2000, enterovirus (Heim & Schumann 2002), West-Nile and St Louis Encephalitis viruses (Lanciotti & Kerst 2001), parainfluenza virus (Hibbitts et al. 2003) and hepatitis C virus (Damen et al. 1999). In the NASBA procedure, target-specific amplification is achieved through oligonucleotide primers and the co-ordinated activity of 3 enzymes: reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and T7 RNA polymerase. The final amplification product is a singlestranded RNA, the polarity of which is opposite to that of the target. Real-time detection in NASBA can be performed using...

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First report of piscine nodavirus infecting wild winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Susceptibility of spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor to experimental infection with nodavirus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Betanodavirus of Marine and Freshwater Fish: Distribution, Genomic Organization, Diagnosis and Control Measures

Detection of piscine nodaviruses by real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA)

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