First report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goat farm in Cuba

Abstract

SummaryThis study determined the effi cacies of four classes of anthelmintics (AH) in a goat fl ock where anthelmintic resistance (AR) to ivermectin was suspected. We selected and randomly distributed 105 animals with >500 eggs per gram of feces into seven groups of 15 animals: an untreated control group and groups treated with ivermectin, eprinomectin, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole, levamisole, and closantel. The goats were individually weighed and treated with the recommended dose. Fecal samples were collected 14 days post-treatment to determine the fecal egg counts and for a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Coprocultures were also performed for identifying any resistant genera. A molecular assay (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) was used to confi rm benzimidazole resistance. The FECRTs for the ivermectin, eprinomectin, albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole treatments were <90 %, indicating multiple anthelmintic resistance, all in Haemonchus spp. Levamisole had a FECRT confi dence interval <90 %, indicating a moderate level of AR. The PCR detected the ß-tubulin alleles responsible for benzimidazole resistance, confi rming AR. This study is the fi rst monospecifi c report of AR in goats in Cuba, with a total failure of macrocyclic lactones anthelmintic class.

Epidemiology of strongyle nematode infections and first report of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus in goats in South Darfur State, Sudan

“…In the three screened areas (Nyala: Domaia and Majok, Beleil and Kass) goats positive for an infection with GINs and shedding ≥500 strongyle epg faeces were selected. The cut-off value (≥500 epg) was used according to some previous studies which preferred evaluating anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goats with moderate to highly GINs infection rate [53, 54] and the fact that the precision of the FECR estimate increases with the number of counted eggs [55] which can be more easily achieved using animals with high egg counts. Animals were labelled and grouped into control and treated group based on age class (< 12 months old and ≥ 1 years old), followed by epg (500–1000, 1000–2000, 2000–3000, …) within each age class.…”

First Report of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats in Romania

“…For example, resistance of GINs to one or more anthelmintic classes in goats has so far been described in many European countries including Great Britain [10], the Netherlands [11], Spain [12], Italy [13], Lithuania [14], France [15,16], Switzerland [17], Denmark [18], Norway [19], Germany [20], Slovakia [21], Czech Republic [22], and Poland [7,[23][24][25]. The situation is similar in goat herds outside of Europe as described in USA [26], South Africa [27], Kenya [28], Cuba [29], Malaysia [30], India [31], Australia [32], and New Zealand [33].…”

Research on the Control of Gastrointestinal Strongyles in Sheep by Using Lotus corniculatus or Cichorium intybus in Feed

“…Chemoresistance is a concern in the management of gastrointestinal helminths [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. This phenomenon has been recognized for more than 50 years [ 11 ].…”

“…Thus, in this regard, in 2010, in Brazil, Alfredo et al confirmed helminth chemoresistance to several substances such as Levamisole, Moxidectin, Albendazole, Ivermectin, Nitroxinil, Disophenol, Trichlorfon, and Closantel following tests conducted on a flock of 5000 sheep [ 12 ]. Similarly, chemoresistance to ivermectin has been confirmed in several areas of the world, such as Europe [ 13 ], Cuba [ 8 ], or Argentina [ 9 ].…”