First report of molecular characterization and phylogeny of Trichuris fossor Hall, 1916 (Nematoda: Trichuridae)

Abstract

Because species of Trichuris are morphologically similar and ranges of host preference are variable, using molecular data to evaluate species delineations is essential for properly quantifying biodiversity of and relationships within Trichuridae. Trichuris fossor has been reported from Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae, 'pocket gophers') hosts based on morphological features alone. Partial 18S rRNA sequences for specimens identified as T. fossor based on morphology, along with sequences from 26 additional taxa, were used for a phylogenetic analysis. Evolutionary histories were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. In both analyses, the specimens fell within the Trichuris clade with 100% support and formed a distinct subclade with 100% support. These results confirm that T. fossor is a distinct species and represent the first molecular report for it. Relatedness among species within the family were well resolved in the BI tree. This study represents an initial effort to obtain a more comprehensive view of Trichuridae by including a new clade member, T. fossor. A better understanding of Trichuridae phylogeny could contribute to further characterization of host-associations, including species that infect livestock and humans.

Antihelimentic effect of Androctonus crassicauda scorpion venom against Trichuris arvicolae isolated from Psammomys obesus in Egypt

“…The Capillariidae and Trichuridae clades represented two sister taxa (100% support). These data are compatible with the findings of earlier investigations ( Hughes et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Three subclades were present within Trichuris family: (1) the first subclade where our strain was clustered with T. arvicolae isolated from Myodes glareolus ( Arvicolidae ) from Spain with the highest identity (98.9%) (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ), and T. muris with 96.3% identity ( Blaxter et al, 1998 ) in an independent cluster, the following cluster includes T. vulpis isolated from Canis lupus familiaris from Spain with 97.9% identity (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ) , T. vulpis from dogs in Thailand with 97.7% ( Areekul et al, 2010 ) and T. fossor isolated from Thamomyes spp. in the United States (94.3%) ( Hughes et al, 2020 ); (2) the second subclade including T. skrjabini , isolated from Capra hircus in Spain (95.9%) (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ) , T. leporis from Lepus europaeus from Spain (95.7%) (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ) , T. ovis from Capra hercus from Spain (95.8%) (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ) and T. discolor secluded from Bos Taurus from Spain (95.8%) (Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ); (3) the third subclade includes T. suis secluded from Sus scrofa domestica in Spain and Netherlands (94.2%) ( Holterman et al, 2006 ; Rocío Callejón et al, 2013 ) , respectively, and T. trichura isolated from Thailand and Edinburg ( Will, 2005 , Areekul et al, 2010 ) , respectively with 92.6% identity. The highest resemblance scores for personated kinds were found among T. ovis and T. discolor (99.8%).…”

“…The employment of molecular data to accurately quantify the biodiversity of Trichuridae and describe their inter-relationships have become necessary, as many species of the Trichuris are morphologically comparable, though their priorities for a host are variable ( Hughes et al, 2020 ). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has many benefits and it is used for the isolation and amplification of the selected gene even from a mixed DNA sample.…”

Phylogenetics and genetic variation of Heligmosomoides thomomyos in Western pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.)

“…To our knowledge, nematodes parasitizing western pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae), Thomomys ( Wied-Neuwied, 1839 ) species, from Oregon have been described only using morphology (see Gardner, 1985 for a review) except for a molecular report for one species, Trichuris fossor ( Hall, 1916 ) (Trichuridae) ( Hughes et al, 2020 ). Jasmer (1980) reported the presence of an unidentified Heligmosomoides species (Heligmosomidae) in 23% of Botta’s pocket gophers, Thomomys bottae ( Eydoux and Gervais, 1836 ), from California.…”