First Report of Matricidal Hatching in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Abstract

The reproductive strategy of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is sexual amphimictic and oviparous. The incidence of intrauterine egg development and hatching in plant-parasitic nematodes is not a very common phenomenon. During the process of maintaining and breeding a B. xylophilus population isolated in Spain under laboratory conditions, evidence of matricidal hatching was observed. This is the first described case of this phenomenon in this species.

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for the removal of N-containing heterocyclic hydrocarbon wastes. Part I: Process enhancement by addition of isopropyl alcohol

“…IPA was selected as co-fuel because it is easily oxidised and has a higher ∆H r (-1908 kJ/mol) than both methanol (-650 kJ/mol) and ethanol (-1279 kJ/mol) [20], releasing more energy and free radicals [19] to further enhance the process rate and efficiency. It is pertinent to point out that in principle the increase in reaction rate is attributed to two factors: (1) the release of extra free radicals and (2) the release of extra heat (both by the SCWO of IPA).…”