First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

Abstract

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L 3 ) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L 3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L 3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and A. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L 3 of L. douglassii.Keywords: Nematophagous fungi, Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys cladodes, Libyostrongylus douglassii, Struthio camelus. ResumoLibyostrongylus douglassii é um nematóide parasito gastrintestinal de avestruzes que pode causar até 50% de mortalidade em aves jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a capacidade predatória de dois isolados de fungos predadores Duddingtonia flagrans (isolados AC001 e CG722) e um Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) sobre larvas infectantes (L 3 ) de L. douglassii em condições laboratoriais, em meio ágar-água 2%. Os resultados demonstraram que os fungos testados foram eficientes em predar as L 3 de L. douglassii (P < 0,05) em relação ao grupo controle. Contudo, não foi observada nenhuma diferença na capacidade predatória entre os fungos testados (P > 0,05) durante os sete dias do ensaio experimental. Em comparação ao controle, sem fungo, houve uma redução significativa (P < 0,05) de 85,2% (AC001); 81,2% (CG722) e 89,2% (C719) Research NoteISSN 0103-846X (impresso) / ISSN 1984/ ISSN -2961 Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., Jaboticabal, v. 22, n. 1, p. 147-151, jan.-mar. 2013 Braga, F.R. et al.Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.Ostriches (Struthio camelus) are poultry belonging to the ratite group. These birds present diurnal activity; they are reared in groups when young and for slaughter, and in couples or trios when used for reproduction (AICHINGER et al., 2007). The main breeds commercialized are African Black, Red Neck and Blue Neck. Among these, the one of greatest commercial importance is the African Black (S. camelus var. domesticus). Currently, the countries that are the greatest breeders of ostriches are: South Africa, Israel, Australia, Canada, United States, Italy, Spain, France and China (CARRER, 2004). In Brazil specifically, commercial rearing of ostriches is gaining greater economic importance due to the birds' good environmental adaptation and, in particular, the p...

Association and predatory capacity of fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia and Arthrobotrys cladodes in the biological control of parasitic helminths of bovines

“…Oliveira et al (2018a) reported an in vitro percentage of 68.7% reduction of the L3 of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes due to the predatory action of A. cladodes. In the present study, the group containing only A. cladodes showed 81.73% reduction of the L3 parasites of bovines, being higher than the value found by Oliveira et al (2018a) and similar to the values reported by Ranjbar-Bahadori et al (2010) and Braga et al (2013).…”

“…Braga et al . (2013) reported that A. cladodes was efficient in predating the L3 of Libyostrongylus douglassii (ostrich gastrointestinal parasite nematode) and presented a reduction percentage of 89.2% in relation to the control group without the fungus. Oliveira et al .…”

“…Ranjbar-Bahadori et al (2010) reported that A. cladodes was effective in reducing the infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and the percentage reduction in the L3 was 78.8%. Braga et al (2013) reported that A. cladodes was efficient in predating the L3 of Libyostrongylus douglassii (ostrich gastrointestinal parasite nematode) and presented a reduction percentage of 89.2% in relation to the control group without the fungus. Oliveira et al (2018a) reported an in vitro percentage of 68.7% reduction of the L3 of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes due to the predatory action of A. cladodes.…”

“…The biological control of parasitic helminths of animals through the use of nematophagous fungi presents satisfactory results in several studies (Silva et al, 2011;Tavela et al, 2012;Braga et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2018aOliveira et al, , 2018b. The ovicidal fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia parasites eggs of helminths through structures known as apressory, developed from undifferentiated hyphae, allow the colonization of the egg surface and the penetration by a mechanical and enzymatic action (Braga et al, 2008).…”

Nematicide activity of microfungi (Orbiliales, Orbiliaceae) after transit through gastrointenstinal tract of “Gallus gallus domesticus”

“…Table 1) agreeing to Braga et al (2013) also demonstrated in the test "in vitro" that D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and A. cladodes (CG719) were efficient in preying L 3 Libyostrongylus douglassii after seven days, reducing by 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) the average number of L 3 recovered. Genier et al (2015) demonstrated the enormous applicability of biological control by Pleurotus ostreatus (PLO06) and their proteases on larvae of Panagrellus spp with reduction of 65.6, 77.4 and 95.2% after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively.…”