First Report of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> in <i>Nerium oleander</i> in Costa Rica

Montero-Astúa, Mauricio; Saborío-R., G.; Villalobos, W.; Rodríguez, C. M.; Moreira, Lisela; Rivera, C.

doi:10.1094/pdis-92-8-1249a

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Overall, while is not possible to evaluate a larger sample of subsp. pauca genomes at present, laboratory assays confirm its presence in Costa Rica and its virulence to local flora [63,64].…”

Section: Introduction Events Have a Significant Effect On Genetic DIVmentioning

confidence: 70%

Impacts of local population history and ecology on the evolution of a globally dispersed pathogen

et al. 2020

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Background: Pathogens with a global distribution face diverse biotic and abiotic conditions across populations. Moreover, the ecological and evolutionary history of each population is unique. Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-dwelling bacterium infecting multiple plant hosts, often with detrimental effects. As a group, X. fastidiosa is divided into distinct subspecies with allopatric historical distributions and patterns of multiple introductions from numerous source populations. The capacity of X. fastidiosa to successfully colonize and cause disease in naïve plant hosts varies among subspecies, and potentially, among populations. Within Central America (i.e. Costa Rica) two X. fastidiosa subspecies coexist: the native subsp. fastidiosa and the introduced subsp. pauca. Using whole genome sequences, the patterns of gene gain/loss, genomic introgression, and genetic diversity were characterized within Costa Rica and contrasted to other X. fastidiosa populations. Results: Within Costa Rica, accessory and core genome analyses showed a highly malleable genome with numerous intra-and inter-subspecific gain/loss events. Likewise, variable levels of inter-subspecific introgression were found within and between both coexisting subspecies; nonetheless, the direction of donor/recipient subspecies to the recombinant segments varied. Some strains appeared to recombine more frequently than others; however, no group of genes or gene functions were overrepresented within recombinant segments. Finally, the patterns of genetic diversity of subsp. fastidiosa in Costa Rica were consistent with those of other native populations (i.e. subsp. pauca in Brazil). Conclusions: Overall, this study shows the importance of characterizing local evolutionary and ecological history in the context of worldwide pathogen distribution.

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Section: Introduction Events Have a Significant Effect On Genetic DIVmentioning

confidence: 70%

Impacts of local population history and ecology on the evolution of a globally dispersed pathogen

et al. 2020

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“…X. fastidiosa is reported from many countries and from a great number of host plants including important tree crops like coffee (Rodriguez et al., ), citrus (Hartung et al., ; Aguilar et al., ), avocado (Montero‐Astua et al., ) and grapevine (Hill and Purcell, ; Aguilar et al., ). It can also infect many ornamental plants, like Nerium oleander (Oleander, Purcell et al., ; Montero‐Astua et al., ) and Polygala myrtifolia (Saponari et al., ; Martelli, ). The current EFSA database on X. fastidiosa host plant species lists 359 plant species (including hybrids) from 204 genera and 75 different botanical families (EFSA, ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility ofPhoenix roebeleniitoXylella fastidiosa

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2016

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health Panel analysed a dossier submitted by Costa Rica Authorities to reach a conclusion on the host status of Phoenix roebelenii for Xylella fastidiosa. The Panel wishes first to stress the difficulties faced in providing compelling evidence for the non-susceptibility status of any particular plant species. The Panel acknowledges that the listing of P. roebelenii as a host of X. fastidiosa rests on a single report from California. Because isolation of X. fastidiosa from some hosts can be difficult, the Panel considers that the failure to isolate X. fastidiosa from P. roebelenii cannot be used to totally discard the detection of X. fastidiosa by ELISA and PCR. The Panel concludes that the detection of X. fastidiosa by two independent techniques provides sufficient evidence, although not totally conclusive, for the listing of P. roebelenii as a X. fastidiosa host plant. Concerning the survey data provided in the Costa Rican dossier, the Panel wishes to stress that such surveys cannot demonstrate the non-host status but can only provide a probability bound, upper estimate of the proportion of infected plants in the field. In the present case, and assuming all survey parameters to be optimal, the 95% confidence incidence threshold obtained is 0.2%, leaving the possibility that close to 25,000 P. roebelenii plants could be infected but undetected in the country. Accepting a scenario of local, non-systemic infection of P. roebelenii by X. fastidiosa would further increase uncertainties. In addition, the absence of data on the vector infection pressure further affects the ability to derive meaningful information on the P. roebelenii host status from the survey data. Appropriately conducted mechanical and/or vector-mediated inoculation experiments are critical to reach a more solid conclusion on the X. fastidiosa host status of P. roebelenii.

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Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed byXylella fastidiosain the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

2015

EFSA Journal

145

119

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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACTThe EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment and an evaluation of risk reduction options for Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa has been detected in olive in the EU with a distribution restricted to the region of Apulia in Italy and is under official control. X. fastidiosa has a very broad host range, including many common cultivated and wild plants. All xylem fluid-feeding insects in Europe are considered to be potential vectors.Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), a polyphagous spittlebug widespread in the whole risk assessment area, has been identified as a vector in Apulia. The probability of entry of X. fastidiosa from countries where X. fastidiosa is reported is very high with plants for planting and moderate with infectious insect vectors carried with plant commodities or travelling as stowaways. Establishment and spread in the EU is very likely. The consequences are considered to be major because yield losses and other damage would be high and require costly control measures. The systematic use of insecticides for vector control may create environmental impacts. With regard to risk reduction options, strategies for the prevention of introduction and for the containment of outbreaks should focus on the two main pathways (plants for planting and infectious insect vectors) and combine the most effective options in an integrated approach. For plants for planting, these could be pest-free production areas, surveillance, certification, screened greenhouse production, vector control and testing for infection and, for some plant species, treatments (e.g. thermotherapy). To prevent entry of the infectious vectors, insecticide treatments and inspection of consignments and production sites are required. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk posed by Xylella fastidiosa for the European Union territory and to identify risk management options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the current EU requirements against X. fastidiosa, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC and the EU emergency measures against X. fastidiosa (Decision 2014/497/EU), in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The current distribution of X. fastidiosa in the EU is restricted to one strain within one province of the Apulia region in south Italy, where several thousand hectares of olive plantations are affected, and it is under official control. X. fastidiosa is also reported in Apulia on Prunus cerasifera, Prunus dulcis, Nerium oleander, Acacia saligna, Polygala myrtifolia, Westringia fruticosa, Spartium junceum and Vinca spp. The genotype of X. fastidiosa of the Apulian outbreak has been attributed to the subspecies pauca. Nevertheless, this pest ris...

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First Report of Xylella fastidiosa in Nerium oleander in Costa Rica

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of local population history and ecology on the evolution of a globally dispersed pathogen

Impacts of local population history and ecology on the evolution of a globally dispersed pathogen

Susceptibility ofPhoenix roebeleniitoXylella fastidiosa

Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed byXylella fastidiosain the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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