First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Infecting Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Greece

Abstract

Tomato yellow leaf curl is one of the most devastating virus diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) crops worldwide. Several whitefly-transmitted viruses are associated with the disease and all are assigned to the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae. In Greece, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first reported to infect greenhouse and open-field tomatoes in 2000 (2). During 2006, a survey was conducted in the southwestern part of Peloponnese (mainland) within the areas of Kyparissia and Filiatra (Perfecture of Messinia) to identify the prevalence and natural hosts of the disease. During this survey, yellow mosaic, severe leaf curling, and leaf crumple symptoms were observed in greenhouse bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) that were cultivated together with tomatoes showing typical TYLCV symptoms. In all affected greenhouses, the incidence of the disease ranged from 1 to 5% in beans and 90 to 100% in tomato plants. Both bean and tomato plants were highly infested with Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations and produced unmarketable fruits. Twenty-four symptomatic bean plants were collected from four greenhouses that tested positive by triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA using TYLCV-specific antibodies purchased from NEOGEN, EUROPE, Ltd. DNA was extracted from all infected bean plants, and a 580-bp fragment of the coat protein gene was amplified by PCR using the TY(+)/TY(-) primer pair (1). Amplified fragments were then analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism with Ava II cutter enzyme. Two DNA fragments of 277 and 302 bp in agarose gels were produced from all isolates and the restriction pattern corresponded to TYLCV. The amplified DNA from four infected bean plants was cloned and sequenced. All four sequences were 100% identical (EMBL Accession No. AM418398) and showed 99% nucleotide identity to a TYLCV isolate from Italy (EMBL Accession No. DQ144621). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV infection of P. vulgaris, which is an important commercial crop in Messinia, Greece. Within the last decade, TYLCV has emerged as an important pathogen for several cultivated plants in many regions and different TYLCV variants have been reported to infect P. vulgaris (3). Bean is often used as an intercrop between tomato crops, and thus, infected plants may serve as a potential reservoir for virus survival and spread (4). References: (1) G. P. Accotto et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:179, 2000. (2) A. D. Avgelis et al. Plant Dis. 85:678, 2001. (3) J. Morris et al. EPPO Bull. 32:41, 2002. (4) J. Navas-Castillo et al. Plant Dis. 83:29, 1999.

Molecular Evidence for the Association of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

“…Symptoms of the disease (Fig. 1a) appeared to be typical of begomovirus infection reported in this host from different parts of the world (Papayiannis et al 2007;Ji et al 2012;Venkataravanappa et al 2012). The samples that were FbLCV negative also had symptoms similar to those in FbLCV positive samples.…”

“…a) appeared to be typical of begomovirus infection reported in this host from different parts of the world (Papayiannis et al. ; Ji et al. ; Venkataravanappa et al.…”

“…Begomovirus species, Bean calico mosaic virus, Bean dwarf mosaic virus, Bean golden mosaic virus, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, Bean mosaic florida virus, Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV), Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), Lima bean golden mosaic virus (Malathi and John 2008), Macroptilium yellow mosaic Florida virus and Macroptilium mosaic Puerto Rico virus (Idris et al 2003) are reported to infect P. vulgaris naturally and cause green-yellow mosaic symptoms in leaves. However, several other begomoviruses including Chino del tomate virus (Brown and Nelson 1988;Brown et al 2000), Cotton leaf crumple virus (Brown et al 1986), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Navas-Castillo et al 1999;Papayiannis et al 2007) infecting bean cause severe leaf curling, stunting and chlorosis.…”

Rapid Detection and Identification of Six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Isolates from Different Regions Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Enzyme Analysis

“…In the field, tomato, bean, pepper and cucurbit crops are infected by TYLCV, which causes TYLCD (Navas-Castillo et al 1999;Lapidot and Friedmann 2002;Polston et al 2006;Anfoka et al 2009). Different weed species belonging to many families have also been reported to be natural reservoirs for viruses that cause TYLCD (Nakhla et al 1994;Bedford et al 1998;S anchez-Campos et al 2000;Kashina et al 2002;Salati et al 2002;Papayiannis et al 2007).…”

“…In Israel during the early 1990s, two different isolates causing TYLCD infections of different severities were cloned and named Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-IL) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Mild (TYLCV-Mld) (Navot et al 1991;Cohen and Antignus 1994). Of all the known TYLCV isolates, TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld have the broadest geographical ranges in the Old World (Navas-Castillo et al 1999;Peterschmitt et al 1999;Stonor et al 2003;Sugiyama et al 2008). TYLCV-IL has apparently been disseminated at least twice between the Old and New Worlds and is currently spreading into North and South America (Czosnek and Laterrot 1997;Polston et al 1999;Duffy and Holmes 2007 (Navas-Castillo et al 1999;Reina et al 1999;Lapidot and Friedmann 2002;Fekih-Hassan et al 2003;Gorsane et al 2004Gorsane et al , 2005Polston et al 2006;Anfoka et al 2009).…”