First Report of <i>Pythium myriotylum</i> D., Causing Damping Off and Root Rot in Chili Pepper (<i>Capsicum annum</i> L.) from Punjab, Pakistan

Hyder, Sajjad; Inam–ul-Haq, Muhammad; Ashfaq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Abdullah; Gondal, Amjad Shahzad; Iqbal, Mudassir

doi:10.1094/pdis-06-17-0788-pdn

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, including ITS 1, 5.8 s, and ITS 2 sequences of nuclear rDNA, is the most frequently used sequence for identifying Pythium spp. [ 20 , 21 , 49 , 70 ]. The primers developed by White et al [ 71 ], based on some conserved sequences in eukaryotic DNA, as well as the primers based on the ITS sequence of the specific species, are used most frequently in the PCR amplification of the ITS region of the specific species.…”

Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Pythium Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pythium spp.mainly affect the younger or juvenile tissues, which have not yet developed any secondary thickenings; thus, the infection is limited to seeds, seedlings, and the younger roots. The post-emergence damping-off of seedlings is often associated with symptoms such as reduced growth, water soaking, wilting, black or brown discoloration, and root rot [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In more mature plants, water-soaked roots and lesions of stem at the soil line, stunted growth, and brown discoloration of roots are prevalent [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-emergence and post-emergence incidences ranging from 7% to 90% of crops have been reported in several states of India [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In Pakistan, many occurrences of damping-off and root rot disease incidences ranging from 13% to 46% have been reported [ 20 , 22 , 32 ], and an estimated loss of Rs. 70,000–100,000/acre, in the case of hot pepper, has been observed [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management

Arora

Sharma

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Capsicum annuum L. is a significant horticulture crop known for its pungent varieties and used as a spice. The pungent character in the plant, known as capsaicinoid, has been discovered to have various health benefits. However, its production has been affected due to various exogenous stresses, including diseases caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Pythium spp. predominantly affecting the Capsicum plant in younger stages and causing damping-off, this pathogen can incite root rot in later plant growth stages. Due to the involvement of multiple Pythium spp. and their capability to disperse through various routes, their detection and diagnosis have become crucial. However, the quest for a point-of-care technology is still far from over. The use of an integrated approach with cultural and biological techniques for the management of Pythium spp. can be the best and most sustainable alternative to the traditionally used and hazardous chemical approach. The lack of race-specific resistance genes against Pythium spp. can be compensated with the candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes in C. annuum L. This review will focus on the epidemiological factors playing a major role in disease spread, the currently available diagnostics in species identification, and the management strategies with a special emphasis on Pythium spp. causing damping-off and root rot in different cultivars of C. annuum L.

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Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Pythium Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management

Arora

Sharma

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…Strains of Pythium myriotylum D. (PMyr-1 and PMyr-2) were previously reported as the causal agent of damping-off and root rot in chili pepper ( Capsicum annum L.) from Punjab, Pakistan ( Hyder et al, 2018 ). Pythium myriotylum was identified on morphological and molecular basis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Chili Damping-Off Disease, Caused by Pythium myriotylum

Hyder¹,

Gondal

Rizvi³

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete that causes post-emergence damping-off in chili pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is an interesting strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to the chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test the potential to suppress the damping-off and plant growth promotion in chili. Out of a total of 28 antagonists, eight bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C, and RH-87) significantly suppressed the colony growth of P. myriotylum in a dual culture experiment. All the tested bacterial isolates were characterized for biochemical attributes, and 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates as Flavobacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas libanensis. All the tested bacterial isolates showed positive test results for ammonia production, starch hydrolase (except 4a2), and hydrogen cyanide production (except 4a2 and 1D). All the tested antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid (13.4–39.0 μg mL–1), solubilized inorganic phosphate (75–103 μg mL–1), and produced siderophores (17.1–23.7%) in vitro. All the tested bacterial isolates showed varying levels of susceptibility and resistance response against different antibiotics and all these bacterial isolates were found to be non-pathogenic to chili seeds and notably enhanced percentage seed germination, plumule, redical length, and vigor index over un-inoculated control. Additionally, under pathogen pressure, bacterization increased the defense related enzymes such as Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activates. Moreover, the treatment of chili seeds with these bacterial isolates significantly suppressed the damping-off caused by P. myriotylum and improved PGP traits compared to the control. In addition, a positive correlation was noticed between shoot, root length, and dry shoot and root weight, and there was a negative correlation between dry shoot, root weight, and seedling percentage mortality. These results showed that native PGPR possesses multiple traits beneficial to the chili plants and can be used to develop eco-friendly and effective seed treatment formulation as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

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“…The strains of Pythium myriotylum D., (PMyr-1 and PMyr-2) were previously reported as the causal agent of damping-off and root rot in chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) from Punjab, Pakistan (Hyder et al, 2018). Pathogen was identified on morphological and molecular basis.…”

Section: Pathogen Inoculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of chili damping off disease, caused byPythium myriotylum

Hyder

Gondal

Rizvi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete causes post-emergence damping off in chilli pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is eye catching strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test their potential to suppress damping off and plant growth promotion in chilli. Out of total 28 antagonists, 8 bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C and RH-87) significantly suppressed the colony growth of P. myriotylum in dual culture experiment. All the tested bacterial isolates were characterized for biochemical attributes, and 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates as Flavobacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas libanensis. All the tested bacterial isolates showed positive test results for ammonia production, starch hydrolase (except 4a2), and hydrogen cyanide production (except 4a2 and 1D). All the tested antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid (13.4-39.0 μg ml−1), solubilized inorganic phosphate (75–103 μgml-1) and produced siderophores (17.1–23.7%) in vitro. All the tested bacterial isolates showed varied level of susceptibility and resistance response against different antibiotics and all these bacterial isolates were found non-pathogenic to chill seeds and notably enhanced percentage seed germination, plumule, redical length and vigor index over un-inoculated control. Additionally, under pathogen pressure, bacterization increased the defense related enzymes (PO, PPO and PAL) activates. Moreover, chilli seeds treatment with these bacterial isolates significantly suppressed damping-off caused by P. myriotylum, and improved PGP traits as compared to control. In addition, a positive correlation was noticed between shoot, root length and dry shoot and root weigh and a negative correlation was seen between dry shoot, root weight and seedling percentage mortality. These results showed that native PGPR possess multiple traits beneficial to the chilli plants and can be used to develop eco-friendly and effective seed treatment formulation as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

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First Report of Pythium myriotylum D., Causing Damping Off and Root Rot in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) from Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management

Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management

Biological Control of Chili Damping-Off Disease, Caused by Pythium myriotylum

Biological control of chili damping off disease, caused byPythium myriotylum

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