First Report of <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> Causing Japanese Larch Dieback in France

Schenck, N.; Saurat, C.; Guinet, Cécile; Fourrier‐Jeandel, Céline; Roche, L.; Bouvet, Anne; Husson, Claude; Saintonge, François-Xavier; Contal, C.; Ioos, Renaud

doi:10.1094/pdis-02-18-0288-pdn

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These lineages are believed to have diverged prior to the current outbreak and have probably emerged in their current range as a result of distinct migration events . Lineages NA1 and NA2 have an exclusive distribution in North America while EU1 is found throughout Europe, in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and in British Columbia, Canada Schenck et al, 2018); EU2 has so far only been reported in the UK (Van Poucke et al, 2012). Lineage frequency varies according to geography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogenPhytophthora ramorumand the Port Orford cedar root pathogenPhytophthora lateralis

et al. 2019

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Early detection provides the best way to prevent introduction and establishment of alien plant pathogens. Amplification of DNA by PCR has revolutionized the detection and monitoring of plant pathogens. Most of those assays rely on the amplification of a fraction of the genome of the targeted species. With the availability of whole genomes for a growing number of fungi and oomycetes it is becoming possible to compare genomes and discover regions that are unique to a target organism. This study has applied this pipeline to develop a set of hierarchical TaqMan real‐time PCR detection assays targeting DNA of all four Phytophthora ramorum lineages, and a closely related species, P. lateralis. Nine assays were generated: three targeting DNA of all P. ramorum lineages, one for each lineage of P. ramorum, one for P. lateralis and one targeting DNA of P. ramorum and P. lateralis. These assays were very accurate and sensitive, ranging from 98.7% to 100% detection accuracy of 2–10 gene copies of the targeted taxa from pure cultures or inoculated tissues. This level of sensitivity is within the lowest theoretical limit of detection of DNA. It is expected that these assays will be useful because of their high level of specificity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed because of the inherent flexibility in primer and probe design afforded by their lack of conservation in non‐target species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogenPhytophthora ramorumand the Port Orford cedar root pathogenPhytophthora lateralis

et al. 2019

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“…In 2009, an outbreak of P. ramorum was observed affecting European larch (Larix decidua), hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepsis), beech (Fagus sylvatica), noble fir (Abies procera), and Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) (7, 50). This host shift and subsequent epidemic on conifer species were first reported in southwest Scotland and Northern Ireland (31, 50) but were recently observed in France (66). A population genetics analysis of the pathogen in this outbreak revealed two distinct population clusters, one originating in Europe and a second unique British cluster (40).…”

Section: Emergence In European Forestsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Ecology and Evolution of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum

Grünwald

LeBoldus

Hamelin

2019

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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The sudden oak and sudden larch death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum emerged simultaneously in the United States on oak and in Europe on Rhododendron in the 1990s. This pathogen has had a devastating impact on larch plantations in the United Kingdom as well as mixed conifer and oak forests in the Western United States. Since the discovery of this pathogen, a large body of research has provided novel insights into the emergence, epidemiology, and genetics of this pandemic. Genetic and genomic resources developed for P. ramorum have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the epidemiology, evolution, and ecology of this disease. The recent reemergence of EU1 in the United States and EU2 in Europe and the discovery of P. ramorum in Asia provide renewed impetus for research on the sudden oak death pathogen.

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“…Phytophthora ramorum is an exotic plant pathogen that emerged in the 1990s and is regulated and targeted for eradication in Europe and North America. It can attack over 125 plant species and is responsible for the sudden oak death in California and Oregon 12 and sudden larch death in the UK 13 and France 14 . The pathogen comprises divergent clonal lineages 15 that are reproductively isolated and con ned to North America (NA1, NA2) or Europe (EU2), one that is broadly distributed in Europe and the West Coast of North America (EU1) 16,17 , and additional lineages recently described in Asia 18 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Biosurveillance Detects A Sexual Hybrid in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen

Hamelin

Bilodeau

Heinzelmann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Invasive exotic pathogens pose a threat to trees and forest ecosystems worldwide1, hampering the provision of essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water purification2. Hybridization is a major evolutionary force that can drive the emergence of pathogens3. Phytophthora ramorum, an emergent pathogen that causes the sudden oak and larch death, spreads as reproductively isolated divergent clonal lineages. Sexual recombination has never been reported in this pathogen under natural conditions and laboratory crosses have yielded unfit progenies, suggesting postzygotic barriers to hybridization. Here we report the discovery in a plant nursery of novel variants of P. ramorum that are the result of homoploid hybridization via sexual recombination between North American and European lineages of the pathogen. We show that these hybrids are viable, can infect plants and produce spores for long-term survival and propagation. Genome sequencing revealed novel genotypic combinations, not present in the parental lineages, at 54,515 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. More than 6000 of the novel genotypes at these loci are predicted to have a functional impact in genes associated with host infection, including effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases. We also observed post-meiotic mitotic recombination that could generate additional genotypic and phenotypic variation and contribute to homoploid hybrid speciation. Our study highlights the importance of plant pathogen biosurveillance to detect novel variants and inform management and control.

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First Report of Phytophthora ramorum Causing Japanese Larch Dieback in France

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogenPhytophthora ramorumand the Port Orford cedar root pathogenPhytophthora lateralis

Improved detection and identification of the sudden oak death pathogenPhytophthora ramorumand the Port Orford cedar root pathogenPhytophthora lateralis

Ecology and Evolution of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum

Genomic Biosurveillance Detects A Sexual Hybrid in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen

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