“…While our findings align closely with previous studies on the species, they also present new, important observations. Our study confirms that H. ripae is closely related to H. humuli , with the key differentiating factor being the average length of the J2 tail, specifically the hyaline tail length 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 . This distinction is consistent with existing literature, further solidifying our understanding of the taxonomy and identification characteristics of the Humuli group of cyst nematodes.…”