First Report of Grapevine redglobe virus (GRGV) in Grapevine in France

Abstract

The isometric virus Grapevine redglobe virus (GRGV), was first described on grapevine cv. Red Globe in southern Italy in 2000 (3) and later in Greece and California. GRGV belongs to the genus Maculavirus in the family Tymoviridae. These viruses are thought to be disseminated through propagation and grafting, as no vectors or seed transmission are known to date. A partial sequence (2,006 nucleotides [nt]) encompassing the 3′ end of the replicase, the coat protein, and P17 genes, was obtained in 2003 (1). GRGV infections are apparently symptomless (2). In 2014, GRGV was identified by Illumina sequencing of total RNAs extracted from a Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet franc (CF) vine grafted onto Gravesac in a vineyard of the Bordeaux region in France. This Cabernet franc plant displayed fanleaf-like degeneration symptoms associated with Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infection. It had been collected in 2010 and maintained since in a greenhouse. The partial contigs assembled from the Illumina reads (552 and 430 nt, both in the putative replicase gene, KM491303 and KM491304) showed 85.9 and 86.3% nt identity with the partial sequence of a GRGV Italian isolate (AF521577), respectively. Total RNA extracts from leaves of 18 plants of cv. Cabernet franc from the same plot, collected in 2014, were analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers RG-CF-F1 (5′-GAATTCGCTGTCGGCCACTC-3′) and RG-CF-R1 (5′-AGTGAGAGGAGAGATTCCATC-3′) designed on the basis of the alignment of the partial sequences of GRGV-CF and the Italian isolate (AF521577). Fifteen (83%) of the plants gave strong positive amplification for GRGV. Given the mixed viral infection status of these vines, it was not possible to associate a specific symptomatology with the presence of GRGV. Two RT-PCR amplicons were directly sequenced and showed 91.5 and 91.7% identities, respectively, with the reference GRGV-CF sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GRGV in France. Further studies will be necessary to determine the prevalence of GRGV in the French vineyards and varieties, including rootstocks, and its possible threat to the grapevine industry. Studies are also needed to assess the pathogenicity of GRGV. Similarly to its close relative, Grapevine fleck virus, does it induce latent or semi-latent infections in Vitis vinifera and rootstock hybrids, influencing vigor, rooting ability, and graft compatibility? References: (1) N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic et al. Virus Genes 27:11, 2003. (2) G. P. Martelli et al. Arch. Virol. 147:1847, 2002. (3) S. Sabanadzovic et al. Arch. Virol. 145:553, 2000.

High-throughput sequencing applied for the identification of viruses infecting grapevines in Brazil and genetic variability analysis

“…Its presence has been reported in many countries (Glasa et al 2015) and was recently reported infecting vineyards in Brazil (Moura et al 2017). GVCV was found associated with leaf vein-clearing, shortening of the internodes, crinkled, misshapen and smaller leaves and reduced grape berry size, with irregular shape and abnormal texture (Guo et al 2014;Zhang et al 2011) and GRGV was previously reported in many viticultural countries (Beuve et al 2015).…”

“…Specific primers and Tamra probes used for virus detection by RT-qPCR have been previously described (Osman et al 2007;Osman and Rowhani 2008;Bianchi et al 2015;Catarino et al 2015). The presence of viruses recently detected or hitherto undetected in Brazil was confirmed by conventional RT-PCR, using the following primers: Ctg468F/Ctg468R for grapevine Cabernet Sauvignon reovirus (GCSV) (Al Rwahnih et al 2015), RG-CF-F1/RG-CF-R1 for Grapevine Red Globe virus (GRGV) (Beuve et al 2015), GSyV-1Det-F/GSyV-1Det-R for Grapevine Syrah virus 1 (GSyV-1) (Al Rwahnih et al 2009) and GVCV4142F/GVCV4387R for Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) (Guo et al 2014).…”

NGS of Virus-Derived Small RNAs as a Diagnostic Method Used to Determine Viromes of Hungarian Vineyards

“…GRGV was detected in many of our samples but its presence could only be validated in seven libraries (Table 1 ,Figure 2B ). GRGV has been identified in different parts of Europe (Sabanadzovic et al, 2000 ; Beuve et al, 2015 ; Cretazzo et al, 2017 ; Voncina et al, 2017 ) and also in California (El Beaino et al, 2001 ) and in Brazil (Fajardo et al, 2017 ). We detected GRGV in different regions of the country; the sequenced strains have 87–95% identity with the Reference strain (NC_030693) and clustered separately (Supplementary Figure 2H ).…”

High‐throughput sequencing allowed the completion of the genome of grapevine Red Globe virus and revealed recurring co‐infection with other tymoviruses in grapevine

“…AF521977; 2006 nt), confirming its correct positioning within the genus Maculavirus . GRGV has also been detected in California (Abou Ghanem‐Sabanadzovic et al ., ) and more recently in France (Beuve et al ., ) and Spain (Cretazzo et al ., ).…”

“…No symptoms were described for a Pinot Gris plant analysed by deep sequencing and shown to be a host for GFkV, GRGV and GRVFV, so it can be assumed that the symptoms, if any, were negligible (Pantaleo et al, 2010). In a recent report in France, symptoms of fanleaf-like degeneration were observed in plants infected by GRGV; however, they could not be attributed to this virus, given the multiple virus infection status of the vines (Beuve et al, 2015). Nevertheless it is reasonable to assume that all viruses of the fleck complex are potentially able to induce damage to grapevine because alterations of chloroplasts and mitochondria, depending on their severity and extension in cells, may affect vines at many levels.…”