First Report of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>niveum</i> Race 3 Causing Wilt of Watermelon in Florida, U.S.A.

Amaradasa, Bimal S.; Beckham, K A; Dufault, Nicholas S.; Sánchez, Tatiana; Ertek, Tülin Sarıgül; Iriarte, Fanny; Paret, Mathews L.; Ji, Pingsheng

doi:10.1094/pdis-10-17-1649-pdn

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition, F. oxysporum is known to have the ability to transfer genes and chromosomes horizontally, both genes related and unrelated to pathogenicity [ 49 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. As a result, a comparative genomics approach was used to identify genetic regions that would allow for consistent differentiation of race 3 from the other two races of economic impact: 1 and 2, which are currently increasing in presence across the world [ 1 , 24 , 31 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. No race 0 isolate was available for analysis or comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These newly resistant populations have been designated as races that describe the unique interaction between pathogen and host [ 2 , 29 , 30 ]. While FON’s pathogenicity is limited to watermelon, four races of the pathogen are currently identified, race 0, race 1, race 2, and race 3, each subsequent race being more virulent with wider pathogenicity with race 3 having the largest cultivar range [ 1 , 4 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The first two races were described in 1963 when the newly pathogenic race 1 was discovered in Florida, dividing FON into races 0 and 1 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, it was believed that race 1 was the most widespread race, race 2 less well distributed, and race 3 limited to a very small geographic area. As of today, race 3 has been detected in 3 states: MD [ 1 ], FL [ 31 ], and GA [ 32 ]. Recent survey studies in SC, GA, and FL have shown race 2 to be widespread, and in the case of GA, race 3 is also widespread, demonstrating the previously unknown dissemination of these highly aggressive races of FON [ 18 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2

Hudson

Waliullah

Fulton

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is pathogenic only to watermelon and has become one of the main limiting factors in watermelon production internationally. Detection methods for this pathogen are limited, with few published molecular assays available to differentiate FON from other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. FON has four known races that vary in virulence but are difficult and costly to differentiate using traditional inoculation methods and only race 2 can be differentiated molecularly. In this study, genomic and chromosomal comparisons facilitated the development of a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could differentiate race 3 from races 1 and 2, and by using two other published PCR markers in unison with the new marker, the three races could be differentiated. The new PCR marker, FNR3-F/FNR3-R, amplified a 511 bp region on the “pathogenicity chromosome” of the FON genome that is absent in race 3. FNR3-F/FNR3-R detected genomic DNA down to 2.0 pg/µL. This marker, along with two previously published FON markers, was successfully applied to test over 160 pathogenic FON isolates from Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Together, these three FON primer sets worked well for differentiating races 1, 2, and 3 of FON. For each marker, a greater proportion (60 to 90%) of molecular results agreed with the traditional bioassay method of race differentiation compared to those that did not. The new PCR marker should be useful to differentiate FON races and improve Fusarium wilt research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2

Hudson

Waliullah

Fulton

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…This is the third instance where FON race 3 was identified in the southeastern US. Recently, FON race 3 was identified in three different counties of Florida (Madison, Levy, and Lee) [15]. Prior to FL, race 3 was identified in Maryland [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fusarium wilt resistance in these pollinizers was derived from PI-296341-FR [14]. Race 3 of FON was first identified in Maryland and later in Florida and is more aggressive than the other three races (0, 1 and 2) [6, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum populations from watermelon in the southeastern United States

et al. 2019

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Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), occurs worldwide and is responsible for substantial yield losses in watermelon-producing areas of the southeastern United States. Management of this disease largely relies on the use of integrated pest management (i.e., fungicides, resistant cultivars, crop rotation, etc.). Knowledge about race structure and genetic diversity of FON in the southeastern US is limited. To determine genetic diversity of the pathogen, FON isolates were collected from symptomatic watermelon plants in commercial fields in Georgia and Florida, USA, and identified based on morphological characteristics and PCR analysis using FON-specific primers. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of 99 isolates genotyped with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers grouped the isolates in eight distinct clusters with two prominent clusters (clusters 1 and 8). Cluster 1 consisted of a total of 14 isolates, out of which 85.7% of the isolates were collected in Florida. However, most of the isolates (92.4%) in cluster 8 were collected in Georgia. Both DAPC and pairwise population differentiation analysis (Ф PT ) revealed that the genetic groups were closely associated with geographical locations of pathogen collection. Three races of FON (races 0, 2 and 3) were identified in the phenotypic analysis; with race 3 identified for the first time in Georgia. Overall, 5.1%, 38.9% and 55.9% of the isolates were identified as race 0, race 2 and race 3, respectively. The majority of the isolates in cluster 1 and cluster 8 belonged to either race 2 (35.6%) or race 3 (45.8%). Additionally, no relationship between genetic cluster assignment and races of the isolates was observed. The information obtained on genotypic and phenotypic diversity of FON in the southeastern US will help in development of effective disease management programs to combat Fusarium wilt.

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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fusarium wilt of watermelon)

Keinath¹

2022

CABI Compendium

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First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 3 Causing Wilt of Watermelon in Florida, U.S.A.

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2

Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2

Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum populations from watermelon in the southeastern United States

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fusarium wilt of watermelon)

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