First Report of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lactucae</i> Race 4 on Lettuce in Belgium

Claerbout, Jolien; Venneman, Sofie; Vandevelde, Isabel; Decombel, An; Bleyaert, Peter; Volckaert, Anneleen; Neukermans, Jenny; Höfte, Monica

doi:10.1094/pdis-10-17-1627-pdn

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 isolates Fus1.01 and Fus1.02 (Claerbout et al, 2018). The very small number (or lack) of differences in the sequences of reference genes such as tef1 , cmdA and rpb2 make it difficult to develop molecular detection assays for closely related species or formae speciales, let alone races within the same formae speciales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lactucae races 1 and 4 is consistent with specific morphological differences:Lombard et al (2019) did not observe chlamydospores for F. curvatum ex-type isolate CBS 238.94 and observed strongly curved macroconida with three septa, features not observed in F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 isolates Fus1.01 and Fus1.02(Claerbout et al, 2018). The very small number (or lack) of differences in the sequences of reference genes such as tef1, cmdA and rpb2 make it difficult to develop molecular detection assays for closely related species or formae speciales, let alone races within the same formae speciales.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity

Claerbout

Poucke²,

Mestdagh

et al. 2022

Plant Pathology

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 causes vascular necrosis and wilting of lettuce. First observed in Belgium in 2015, the lack of disease resistance in commercial cultivars allowed this pathogen to spread to nearly the entire Belgian production area within 4 years. Different levels of disease development were observed in different commercial greenhouses. To help explain this variation, we collected 78 Fusarium isolates and characterized them both physiologically and genetically. Molecular race identification indicated that 91% of the isolates belonged to race 4, while 6% of the isolates belonged to race 1, which was not previously reported in Belgium. Pathogenicity assays using differential cultivars confirmed the molecular race assignment of selected isolates. Cultivar Patriot was identified as a suitable new differential cultivar to race 4. Race 4 isolates were more aggressive than race 1 isolates at 24°C, but only when using chlamydospore inoculum instead of a root dip assay containing microconidia. Variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the races may explain differences in disease development in commercial greenhouses. Based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS), race 1 and race 4 isolates were highly similar to reference isolates. Fusarium curvatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae and F. oxysporum f. sp. rhois were phylogenetically separated from F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae races 1 and 4 based on the GBS data, but not when using multilocus sequence data. Within F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4, the GBS data differentiated two rather homogeneous groups, suggesting at least two introductions. However, the two groups did not differ in aggressiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity

Claerbout

Poucke²,

Mestdagh

et al. 2022

Plant Pathology

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“…Three races of fusarium wilt (race 1,2, and 3) were already found in Japan (Fujinaga et al 2001(Fujinaga et al , 2003. Furthermore, its race 4 was recently identi ed in Europe (Gilardi et al 2017(Gilardi et al , 2019Claerbout et al 2018). Considering di culty of soil sterilization in the eld, development of resistance cultivars is the most e cient strategy for avoiding disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of PCR-based marker for resistance to Fusarium wilt race 2 in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

et al. 2021

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Resistance to multiple races of Fusarium wilt is considered a critical trait for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, as it is directly related to grower pro tability in Japan. We analyzed F 2 individuals obtained from a cross between 'VI185' (resistance to race 2) and 'ShinanoGreen' (susceptible to race 2), and applied a bioassay to the F 3 population using the race 2 pathogen. ddRAD-seq analysis showed that a single semi-dominant locus on LG1 (qFOL1.2) controls resistance, and that the genotype of a RAD-marker designated as LG1_v8_117.181Mbp showed complete co-segregation with the resistance phenotype based on the F 2 population. Fine mapping by PCR-based markers further revealed that qFOL1.2 were located in the position of 116.468-117.974Mbp. The 42 cultivars were evaluated for the genotypes and phenotypes using the PCR-based makers designed at this region. As a result of genotyping, all of the susceptible cultivars had the same genotype in this region, but the resistant cultivars had the diversity in the genotype. Notably, the genotype of the PCR-based marker designated as LG1_v8_116.506Mbp was consistent across the 25 resistant cultivars. Thus, we reasoned that LG1_v8_116.506Mbp was a broadly useful marker for selection of race 2-resistance. Our results provide additional breeding technique for resistance to race 2, and can accelerate pyramiding of resistance loci to multiple races of fusarium wilt.

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“…Four races are described for Fola with race 1 (Fola1) the most established and widespread, primarily causing disease in field-grown lettuce in warmer parts of the world such as Asia, USA, Southern Europe and South America while races 2 and 3 are confined to Japan and Taiwan (Gilardi et al, 2017a). In contrast, Fola race 4 (Fola4) only emerged relatively recently in Northern Europe where Fusarium wilt of lettuce was previously completely absent and was first reported in 2015 affecting greenhouse-grown (protected) lettuce in the Netherlands (Gilardi et al, 2017a) and Belgium (Claerbout et al, 2018). Since then, Fola4 has been reported in other areas of Europe including the UK (Taylor et al, 2019b), Italy (Gilardi et al, 2019) and Spain (Gálvez et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics and transcriptomics reveal differences in effector complement and expression between races ofFusarium oxysporumf.sp.lactucae

Bates,

Pike,

Price

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study presents the first genome and transcriptome analyses forFusarium oxysporumf.sp.lactucae(Fola) which causes Fusarium wilt disease of lettuce. Long-read genome sequencing of three race 1 (Fola1) and three race 4 (Fola4) isolates revealed key differences in putative effector complement between races and with otherF. oxysporumf.spp. followingmimp-based bioinformatic analyses. Notably, homologues ofSecreted in Xylem(SIX) genes, also present in many otherF. oxysporumf.spp, were identified in Fola, with bothSIX9andSIX14(multiple copies with sequence variants) present in both Fola1 and Fola4. All Fola4 isolates also contained an additional single copy ofSIX8. RNAseq of lettuce following infection with Fola1 and Fola4 isolates identified highly expressed effectors, some of which were homologues of those reported in otherF. oxysporumf.spp. including several inF. oxysporumf.sp.apii. AlthoughSIX8,SIX9andSIX14were all highly expressed in Fola4, of the twoSIXgenes present in Fola1, onlySIX9was expressed as further analysis revealed that copies ofSIX14gene copies were disrupted by insertion of a transposable element. Two variants of Fola4 were also identified based on different genome and effector-based analyses. This included two differentSIX8sequence variants which were divergently transcribed from a shared promoter with eitherPSE1orPSL1respectively. In addition there was evidence of two independent instances of HCT in the different Fola4 variants. The involvement of helitrons in Fola genome rearrangement and gene expression is discussed.

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First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 4 on Lettuce in Belgium

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity

Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity

Development of PCR-based marker for resistance to Fusarium wilt race 2 in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Comparative genomics and transcriptomics reveal differences in effector complement and expression between races ofFusarium oxysporumf.sp.lactucae

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