First Report of Bean common mosaic virus Infecting Mungbean (Vigna radiata) in China

Abstract

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus and one of the numerous viruses that can infect Phaseolus vulgaris. In May of 2013, we planted more than 100 varieties of mungbean in fields and a greenhouse of Nanjing. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.) with leaves displaying mosaic and shrinkage typical of viral infection was observed in a greenhouse and a field in Nanjing. About 60% of the varieties can be infected. The symptoms in some sources from Southeast Asian countries and wild germplasm are heavier, while the symptoms are lighter on the local varieties. It can be transmitted to mungbean via aphid or mechanical inoculation, or by seeds. The infected leaves were collected for electron micrograph analysis. Pinwheel inclusion and filamentous virus particles were observed, indicating a Potyvirus infection. To confirm the presence of Potyvirus infection, total RNA was extracted from plants from the greenhouse and field, and RT-PCR was performed using universal Potyvirus primers (Sprimer (+) 5′-GGXAAYAAYAGYGGXCAZCC-3′; X=A, G, C or T, Y=T or C, Z=A or G); M4T (5′-GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC(T)-3′), which amplify a region of the 3′ fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of potyviruses (1). The 596-bp sequence was found to be 95% identical to the BCMV isolate HB (GenBank Accession No. KC478389.1). To confirm the presence of BCMV, three leaf samples were randomly collected and all were determined to be positive when subjected to ELISA using BCMV-specific antibodies. The virus infecting mungbean was identified as BCMV and the strain was named BCMV-JAAS (KJ866945). Using gene-specific primers (BCMV-cp-F: 5′-CAAAAGGACAAGGATTGAGGA, BCMV-cp-R: 3′-ACAACAAACATTGCCGTAGC) for the reported coat protein gene in BCMV, a 1,080-bp gene fragment was amplified from the total RNA of the isolate, and subsequent sequence analysis indicated that an 862-bp region contained the complete cp gene that encodes a 228 amino acid protein. The nucleotide sequences of the cp gene from the isolate shared 96% homology with the reported BCMV-HB. The phylogenetic trees based on the CP gene show that BCMV-JAAS (KJ866945) was most closely related to other Chinese BCMV isolates (KF439722.1 and AJ132145.1) followed by Azuki mosaic virus (AB012663.1) and Peanut stripe virus (U34972.1). These results indicate that the virus associated with the mosaic disease in mungbean is an isolate of BCMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BCMV infecting mungbean in China. BCMV affects a wide range of legume crops and can spread rapidly, causing serious harm. The discovery could effectively control BCMV and characterize the prevalent BCMV strains. Research utilizing whole-genome sequencing of the mungbean isolate is continuing and is currently being expanded to characterize the genetic diversity of the virus, assisting in the study of the evolution of the virus. Reference: (1) J. Chen and J. P. Chen. Chin. J. Virol. 18:372, 2002.

Cellulose-Based Photothermal Coating: A Sustainable Solution for Seed Protection and Long-Term Grain Storage

“…However, mung beans are easily infected by seed-borne diseases, e.g. , the bacterial diseases tan spot and halo blight and the fungal disease powdery mildew. − Seed protection coating can effectively minimize the risks from seed-borne pathogens on the surface of mung beans. Herein, mung beans carrying unknown pathogenic microbes are employed to estimate the in vivo photothermal antimicrobial activity of PDA NPs@Cell-N + as a seed protection coating.…”

Molecular Characteristics of Bean Common Mosaic Virus Occurring in Inner Mongolia, China

“…The occurrence of BCMV in China, however, was known until very recently. From 2014 to 2023, different BCMV isolates were reported infecting diverse plant species in China, for example, BCMV-HB (KC478389) infected mungbean in Jiangsu Province in 2014 [18], BCMV isolate closely related to the BCMV-NL1 (KM023744) infected common bean in Liaoning in 2018 [19], BCMV-DHJ1 infected Polygonatum kingianum in Yunnan Province in 2019 [20], BCMV SY-Peanut (MN786956) infected peanut in Liaoning Province in 2020 [19], BCMB-CT (KM076650) infected bamboo in Jiangsu Province in 2022 [21], BCMB-Az (KP903372) infected rice bean in Beijing in 2023 [22], and BCMV-NKY021 (KJ807819) infected yam bean in Zhejiang Province in 2023 [23]. BCMV-22Huhe showed nucleotide sequences identities of 90.1-99.0% to the five BCMV isolates above.…”

Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid and sensitive detection of bean common mosaic virus

“…Yield loss can reach 100% in severely BCMVinfected bean fields (Saqib et al 2010;Li et al 2014), and the virus is internationally distributed. Isolates of BCMV have been identified and characterized from different countries, including USA, India, China, Iran, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia, based on analysis of complete or partial genome sequences (Flores-Estévez et al 2000;Saqib et al 2005;Damayanti et al 2008;Cui et al 2014;Seo et al 2015;Jang et al 2018). BCMV is divided into strains based on host symptoms, serological relationships, high performance liquid chromatography peptide mapping, and genome sequence (Drijfhout et al 1978;McKern et al 1992;Mink and Silbernagel 1992;Feng et al 2014aFeng et al , 2014bLi et al 2016).…”