First report of Dirofilaria immitis in the Republic of Cape Verde

Pereira, Cristina Camargo; Almeida, C. A. S.; Malta, Manuel; Vilaça, Raquel; Payo-Puente, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.032

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This study confirms that canine dirofilariasis exists on Maio Island, Republic of Cabo Verde, but as opposed to a previous report, where Dirofilaria immitis was identified—this is a new finding as this species has never been reported in West Africa in contrast to South Africa . Moreover, it shows a different pattern regarding Atlantic islands, namely Madeira and Canary Islands, where only Dirofilaria immitis has been reported and at prevalence rates of 30% or higher …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Following a first report of dirofilariasis in Maio Island, Republic of Cabo Verde, we conducted a prospective study and screened about 30% of the canine population on that island, in July 2012. After a clinical examination including verification of the dogs identification, 2 mL of blood were collected by jugular venipuncture and placed in EDTA tubes (2.5 mL, K3 EDTA; FL medical, Torreglia, Italy), stored at +4°C until processed (always < 12 h), and used for performing BCS and MKT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffy coat smear or Knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies?

Marcos

Pereira

Santos

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffy coat smear or Knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies?

Marcos

Pereira

Santos

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…In this way, this is the first report of D. repens in West Africa and the Macaronesian islands. Despite a previous report of a D. immitis- infected dog in Maio (Pereira et al , 2013), in the present survey no dog was found to be positive. The only study in the Cape Verde archipelago, reported no Dirofilaria in Santiago Island, 20 km from Maio (Kirchner et al , 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…It is a well-known tourist destination, where many Europeans have set up second homes, and pet travelling is frequent. Interestingly, a case of Dirofilaria immitis infection was recently diagnosed on Maio Island in a dog with generalized adenomegaly and poor body condition (Pereira et al , 2013). In the present study a survey of Dirofilaria infections in dogs and cats was undertaken for the first time on Maio Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of the filarial nematodeDirofilaria repensin canine hosts from Maio Island, Cape Verde

et al. 2016

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The prevalence of canine Dirofilaria infection in Maio Island (Cape Verde) was analysed by serology, morphological and molecular identification of the parasite species. Blood and sera were collected from 150 dogs and 80 cats aged over 6 months from various localities of the island. DNA was extracted from blood and samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using microfilaria-specific primers. No Dirofilaria immitis was found in dogs while D. repens microfilariae were found in 5.3% of dogs and 6% were positive by PCR. The species identity was confirmed by sequencing of PCR products, which showed almost 100% homology with D. repens European sequences published in GenBank. No difference in Dirofilaria infection was observed between males and females or in dogs with different weights. However, older dogs and those from the western part of Maio Island were more frequently infected. No Dirofilaria was found in cats. This study represents the first evidence of D. repens in Cape Verde (West Africa) and highlights the need for implementing control measures and for a better surveillance of dirofilariosis in Africa.

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“…Mosquito-borne pathogens, including yellow fever virus (30), Wuchereria bancrofti (31), Zika virus (32,33), dengue virus (34), Plasmodium spp (35). Dirofilaria immitis (36), and Dirofilaria repens (37), which are of public health importance, have been reported in Cape Verde. To date, 11 species of mosquito have been described in Cape Verde, of which Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens sensu stricto (s.s.), and Culex quinquefasciatus are the most important (38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood meal survey reveals insights into mosquito-borne diseases on the island of Santiago, Cape Verde

Gonçalves¹,

Dias²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2023

Front. Trop. Dis

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IntroductionThe transmission of pathogens by blood-sucking insects to humans and other animals depends on vector-host interactions. As yet unexplored in Cape Verde, mosquito feeding behavior plays a crucial role in pathogen transmission. Herein, we aim to explore, through blood meal analysis, the relationship between mosquito species and common hosts in Santiago Island, Cape Verde.MethodsEngorged female mosquitoes were collected through mechanical aspiration from May 2016 to December 2017 in three municipalities of Santiago Island (Praia, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catarina). Blood-feeding behavior in each municipality was assessed through blood meal analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsWe were able to determine that single-host blood meals were common in Aedes aegypti, Anopheles arabiensis, and Culex pipiens sensu lato (s.l.). In general, the mosquitoes preferred to feed on humans, dogs, and chickens, and on multiple hosts, mainly two hosts. The human blood index (HBI) was highest (i.e., 1.00) in Ae. aegypti, with the lowest value (0.40) observed in An. arabiensis. It was observed that, among single-host blood meals, the likelihood of Cx. pipiens s.l. feeding on humans was significantly high, whereas the likelihood of An. arabiensis feeding on humans was significantly low (log-odds ratio (LOR) = 0.85 and –2.44, respectively). In addition, a high likelihood of Ae. aegypti feeding on humans was observed, but this was not statistically significant (LOR = 0.85).DiscussionOverall, our findings demonstrate a lack of feeding preference in Culex pipiens s.l. compared with Ae. aegypti and An. arabiensis. These results provide insights into possible parasite transmission and pathogen spillover/spillback, which threaten human/animal health and the economy in Cape Verde.

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First report of Dirofilaria immitis in the Republic of Cape Verde

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Buffy coat smear or Knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies?

Buffy coat smear or Knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies?

The occurrence of the filarial nematodeDirofilaria repensin canine hosts from Maio Island, Cape Verde

Blood meal survey reveals insights into mosquito-borne diseases on the island of Santiago, Cape Verde

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