First Report of Charcoal Rot Caused by <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> in <i>Basella alba</i> in India

Meena, B. L.; Nagendran, K.; Tripathi, Ajay; Kumari, Shweta; Sagar, Vidya; Gupta, Nitika; B., A.; Singh, Bijendra

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-18-0152-pdn

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Charcoal rot or ashy stem blight Macrophomina phaseolina (Rhizoctonia solani) disease symptoms appear in the form of dark brown to black charcoal-colored lesions covered with black dot-like fruiting bodies (resting micro sclerotia and pycnidia) on pods. Charcoal rot or Ashy stem blight is caused by M. phaseolina (Rhizoctonia solani) on various vegetable crops (Meena et al 2018). The disease symptom appears in the form of dark brown to black charcoal-colored lesions covered with black dot-like fruiting body (resting microsclerotia and pycnidia) on the collar region of the stem.…”

Section: Charcoal Rot or Ashy Stem Blightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Scenario of Vegetable Fungal Diseases

Tripathi,

Maurya,

Pandey

et al. 2024

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Plant diseases threaten crop production and are responsible for considerable losses in vegetables worldwide. Every year diseases cause losses up to 40 to 60% in vegetable crops. Vegetable crops are comparatively more susceptible to various types of diseases inflicted by fungi, bacteria, virus, viroid, phytoplasma and nematodes. Genera of fungal pathogens viz. Alternaria, Aschochyta, Colletotrichum, Didymella, Phoma, Phytophthora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia and Sclerotium on vegetable crops increased tremendously. Emerging seed-borne and seed-transmitted fungal plant diseases became a major threat for the vegetable seed production system. Emerging diseases in vegetable crops like tomato (early and late blight, Fusarium wilt), chili and peppers (anthracnose, Phytophthora blight), brinjal (phomopsis blight, Alternaria leaf spot), cucurbits (Downey mildew, gummy stem blight, Fusarium wilt, fruit rot, anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot), okra (Cercospora leaf spot), pea (powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, rust and root rot), French bean (Sclerotinia stem rot), cowpea/dolichos bean (anthracnose, Sclerotinia stem rot), cole crop (black rot, Alternaria blight, downy mildew) etc. The vegetable produce is spoiled by post-harvest pathogens and makes them unfit for human consumption and market due to the production of mycotoxins. Profiling, detection and diagnosis of vegetable pathogens (diseases) are essential for better understanding of pathogens and formulation of safe disease management strategy of vegetable crops. Therefore, there is an urgent need to wide array of diagnoses of pathogens of vegetables and their in-vitro testing towards chemo-sensitivity for formulation of safe management of vegetable diseases

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Section: Charcoal Rot or Ashy Stem Blightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Scenario of Vegetable Fungal Diseases

Tripathi,

Maurya,

Pandey

et al. 2024

isvs

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“…Macrophomina phaseolina is recognized for its different ecological roles as an endophyte, saprotroph, and latent or opportunistic pathogen with broad geographic distribution ( Dhingra and Sinclair, 1974 ; Slippers and Wingfield, 2007 ; Slippers et al, 2013 ; Parsa et al, 2016 ; Crous et al, 2017 ). Worldwide diseases caused by M. phaseolina have re-emerged in recent decades, with outbreaks occurring in tropical and subtropical regions as well as temperate regions ( Leyva-Mir et al, 2015 ; Casano et al, 2018 ; Koehler and Shew, 2018 ; Meena et al, 2018 ; Nishad et al, 2018 ; Tančić Živanov et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). In the United States, charcoal rot of soybean has been a primary issue in southern and central states historically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomic analysis reveals geographic structure and climatic diversification for Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from soybean and dry bean across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Colombia

et al. 2023

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Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot, which can significantly reduce yield and seed quality of soybean and dry bean resulting from primarily environmental stressors. Although charcoal rot has been recognized as a warm climate-driven disease of increasing concern under global climate change, knowledge regarding population genetics and climatic variables contributing to the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina is limited. This study conducted genome sequencing for 95 M. phaseolina isolates from soybean and dry bean across the continental United States, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. Inference on the population structure using 76,981 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that the isolates exhibited a discrete genetic clustering at the continental level and a continuous genetic differentiation regionally. A majority of isolates from the United States (96%) grouped in a clade with a predominantly clonal genetic structure, while 88% of Puerto Rican and Colombian isolates from dry bean were assigned to a separate clade with higher genetic diversity. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to estimate the contributions of climate and spatial structure to genomic variation (11,421 unlinked SNPs). Climate significantly contributed to genomic variation at a continental level with temperature seasonality explaining the most variation while precipitation of warmest quarter explaining the most when spatial structure was accounted for. The loci significantly associated with multivariate climate were found closely to the genes related to fungal stress responses, including transmembrane transport, glycoside hydrolase activity and a heat-shock protein, which may mediate climatic adaptation for M. phaseolina. On the contrary, limited genome-wide differentiation among populations by hosts was observed. These findings highlight the importance of population genetics and identify candidate genes of M. phaseolina that can be used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underly climatic adaptation to the changing climate.

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