First Report of Charcoal Disease of Oak (<i>Biscogniauxia mediterranea</i>) on <i>Quercus</i> spp. in Croatia

Diminić, Danko; Orlović, Jelena Kranjec; Lukić, Ivan; Ježić, Marin; Ćurković‐Perica, Mirna; Pernek, Milan

doi:10.1094/pdis-03-19-0458-pdn

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, as mentioned earlier, a considerable change in climatic conditions was recorded, including an increase in temperature and precipitation, as well as a decrease in relative humidity values at the observed locations. Dminić et al [84] also underscore the influence of changing climatic conditions in this area and their impact on the emergence of B. mediterranea. High temperatures and low air humidity can cause the faster evaporation of water from the soil and plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…and Q. ilex L.) in Croatia, on the island of Cres and in Istria. Considering that oaks make up 82-100% of the trees in these stands [84], a question arises regarding its transmission to olive trees and vice versa. In this study, the species B. mediterranea and B. nummularia were identified as the causative agents of charcoal disease in the olive trees from which samples were taken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Pathogenicity of Biscogniauxia and Sordaria Species Isolated from Olive Trees

Petrović,

Godena,

Ćosić

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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A field investigation of olive trees in Istria, Croatia, revealed branch dieback and cracked bark. Samples of diseased branches were collected from eight different locations and analysed. Additionally, meteorological data from two locations were analysed to determine if there was a connection between climatic changes and the appearance of pathogens in the region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on olive seedlings. This study provides a description of Biscogniauxia and Sordaria species’ morphology and elucidates their phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1- α) regions. This research represents the first documented occurrence of Biscogniauxia mediterranea causing charcoal disease in olive trees in Croatia. Additionally, it is the first report of Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze and Sordaria fimicola causing diseases in olive trees anywhere in the world. Furthermore, this study marks one of the initial forays into molecular investigations of these species isolated from olive trees. Considering the potential threat posed by the inherent aggressiveness of Biscogniauxia species, further research is deemed necessary to curb the development of charcoal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Pathogenicity of Biscogniauxia and Sordaria Species Isolated from Olive Trees

Petrović,

Godena,

Ćosić

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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“…The relationship between oak decline, climate change, and the proliferation of B. mediterranea has been well documented in Mediterranean countries [12,[42][43][44][45][46]. Indeed, recent outbreaks of B. mediterranea in countries where it had not been reported to cause harm, like in Turkey, Iran, Slovenia [47,48], and Croatia [49], confirm that this fungus is expanding its range and is accentuating its role as a contributing factor to the decline of oak formations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Status of Charcoal Canker on Oak Trees at a Site of Community Importance: Case Study of the Relict Castelfidardo Forest (SIC Area IT520008, Castelfidardo, AN, Italy)

Murolo

Concas

Salerno

et al. 2021

Forests

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Oaks are dominant and key tree species in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. However, in recent decades, oak forests have been heavily impacted by oak decline, a worldwide phenomenon exacerbated by climate change. The charcoal disease agent Biscogniauxia mediterranea is involved in the decline of Mediterranean oak formations in a variety of contexts. Here, we investigated the impact and role of B. mediterranea in the decline of oaks in Castelfidardo Forest, a relict wood of the late Holocene and a Site of Community Importance. We established five plots within which we recorded tree positions, any symptoms and signs of decline, association of B. mediterranea to declining trees, and deadwood and associated mycota. Of 471 oaks inspected, 7.0% showed brownish exudates on the stems, 46.9% showed epicormic shoots along the main trunk, and 24.4% showed black carbonaceous stromata on diseased branches and trunks. The decline was most severe for Quercus cerris, which comprised plots #4 and #5, at 50.0% (81/162 trees) and 29.0% (33/114), respectively; then for Quercus robur for plot #3, at 40.0% (38/95); and finally for Quercus pubescens for plots #1 and #2, at 13.7% (7/51) and 12.3% (6/49), respectively. Bark tissues were collected from trees with charcoal cankers and taken to the laboratory for microscopic examination and identification by mycological and molecular methods. This investigation revealed a close association between oaks with pronounced reduction of vitality and incidence of B. mediterranea. Deadwood was equally distributed among the five plots, and was heavily colonized by Basidiomycota. The high incidence of the charcoal canker pathogen B. mediterranea appeared to be related to environmental stresses. However, the absence of silvicultural management, high competition among physiologically mature trees, and the geographic isolation of this residual forest may have predisposed oaks to decline.

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“…The relationship between oak decline, climate change, and the proliferation of B. mediterranea has been well documented in Mediterranean countries [12,[43][44][45][46][47]. Indeed, recent outbreaks of B. mediterranea in countries where it had not been reported to cause harm, like in Turkey, Iran, Slovenia [48,49], and Croatia [50], confirm that this fungus is expanding its range and is accentuating its role as a contributing factor to the decline of oak formations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Charcoal Canker on Oak Trees at a Site of Community Importance: Case Study of the Relict Castelfidardo Forest (SIC Area IT520008, Castelfidardo, AN, Italy)

Murolo¹,

Concas²,

Salerno³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Oaks are a dominant and key tree species in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. However, in recent decades, oak forests have been heavily impacted by oak decline, a worldwide phenomenon exacerbated by climate change. The charcoal disease agent Biscogniauxia mediterranea is involved in the decline of Mediterranean oak formations in a variety of contexts. Here, we investigated the impact and role of B. mediterranea in decline of oaks in Castelfidardo Forest, a relict wood of the late Holocene and a Site of Community Importance. We established five plots within which we recorded the tree positions, any symptoms and signs of decline, association of B. mediterranea to declining trees, and the deadwood and associated mycota. Of 471 oaks inspected, 7.0% showed brownish exudates on the stems, 46.9% showed epicormic shoots along the main trunk, and 24.4% showed black carbonaceous stromata on diseased branches and trunks. The decline was most severe for Quercus cerris, which comprised plots #4 and #5, at 50.0% (81/162 trees) and 29.0% (33/114), respectively; then for Quercus robur for plot #3, at 40.0% (38/95); and finally for Quercus pubescens for plots #1 and #2, at 13.7% (7/51) and 12.3% (6/49), respectively. Bark tissue was collected from trees with charcoal cankers, with microscopy examination and identification by mycological and molecular methods. This investigation revealed close association between oaks with pronounced reduction of vitality and incidence of B. mediterranea. The deadwood was equally distributed among the five plots, and was heavily colonized by Basidiomycota. The high incidence of this oak-weakening pathogen B. mediterranea appears to be related to stress conditions (e.g., water scarcity, prolonged drought). However, absence of silvicultural management, high competition among physiologically mature trees, and the geographic isolation of this residual forest might have predisposed these oaks to decline.

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First Report of Charcoal Disease of Oak (Biscogniauxia mediterranea) on Quercus spp. in Croatia

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Identification and Pathogenicity of Biscogniauxia and Sordaria Species Isolated from Olive Trees

Identification and Pathogenicity of Biscogniauxia and Sordaria Species Isolated from Olive Trees

Status of Charcoal Canker on Oak Trees at a Site of Community Importance: Case Study of the Relict Castelfidardo Forest (SIC Area IT520008, Castelfidardo, AN, Italy)

Impact of Charcoal Canker on Oak Trees at a Site of Community Importance: Case Study of the Relict Castelfidardo Forest (SIC Area IT520008, Castelfidardo, AN, Italy)

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