First Report of Avocado Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum karstii</i> in Mexico

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a major constraint for the shelf-life and marketability of avocado fruits. To date, only C. gloeosporioides sensu lato and C. aenigma have been reported as pathogens affecting avocado in Israel. This study was conducted to identify and characterize Colletotrichum species associated with avocado anthracnose and to determine their survival on different host-structures in Israel. The pathogen survived and over-wintered mainly on fresh and dry leaves, as well as fresh twigs in the orchard. A collection of 538 Colletotrichum isolates used in this study was initially characterized based on morphology and banding patterns generated according to arbitrarily primed PCR to assess the genetic diversity of the fungal populations. Thereafter, based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses involving combinations of ITS, act, ApMat, cal, chs1, gapdh, gs, his3, tub2 gene/markers; eight previously described species (C. aenigma, C. alienum, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, C. karstii, C. nupharicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola) and a novel species (C. perseae) were identified, as avocado anthracnose pathogens in Israel; and reconfirmed after pathogenicity assays. Colletotrichum perseae sp. nov. and teleomorph of C. aenigma are described along with comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations, for the first time in this study.

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“…karstii and C . siamense have been previously reported from Persea americana 11 , 26 , 43 , 49 . To date, only C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology, pathology and identification of Colletotrichum including a novel species associated with avocado (Persea americana) anthracnose in Israel

Sharma

Maymon

Freeman

2017

Sci Rep

106

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“…Two or more regions are generally used. For example, for C. godetiae and C. karstii species the ITS and GADPH regions were used (Hernández-Lauzardo et al, 2015;Velázquez-del Valle et al, 2016), and for C. gigasporum, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, Se han reportado 18 especies con base en caracterización molecular: 15 especies en estado anamorfo y tres en estado teleomorfo (Cuadro 2). En la mayoría de las especies, se realizó una identificación integral (morfológica y molecular), esta última se realizó con base en análisis de la región C. siamense and C. theobromicola species, the regions: ACT, CAL, GAPDH, TUB2 and ITS (Cristóbal-Martínez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Especies De Colletotrichum Descritas En Méxicounclassified

Situación actual de Colletotrichums spp. en México: Taxonomía, caracterización, patogénesis y control

Rojo-Báez

Álvarez-Rodríguez

García‐Estrada

et al. 2017

RMF

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“…In Mexico, C. gloeosporioides , C. boninense , C. acutatum [ 15 ], C. godetiae [ 16 ], and C. karstii [ 17 ] have been isolated from avocado exocarp tissue with anthracnose symptoms. Nevertheless, there is no mention of C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto causing anthracnose in avocado in Mexico, which may be because previous studies only assessed C. gloeosporioides using a single locus based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, with no comparison to newly redefined species belonging to C. gloeosporioides sensu lato .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colletotrichum fructicola, a Member of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, is the Causal Agent of Anthracnose and Soft Rot in Avocado Fruits cv. “Hass”

et al. 2018

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The filamentous Ascomycota Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is a fungus that has been reported worldwide as a causal agent of anthracnose disease in avocado and other crops. In Mexico, this species affects fruits from an early stage of development in the orchard until the post-harvest stage. Although fungicides are continuously applied to control Colletotrichum species, pericarp cankers and soft rot mesocarp in fruits are still frequently observed. Considering the lack of a precise description of the causative agent, the aim of the current study was to determine the pathogens involved in this symptomatology. Twenty-four isolates were consistently obtained from the pericarp of avocado fruits cv. “Hass” collected in the central avocado-producing area of Mexico. Morphological features such as colony growth, conidia size, and mycelial appressorium were assessed. Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic analyses were performed using amplified sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA; actin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase partial genes; and APn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and mating type Mat1-2 partial gene from the nine selected isolates. In addition, fruits were inoculated with a conidial suspension and reproducible symptoms confirmed the presence of Colletotrichum fructicola in this area. This pathogenic species can now be added to those previously reported in the country, such as C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. gloeosporioides, and C. karstii. Disease management programs to reduce the incidence of anthracnose should include C. fructicola to determine its response to fungicides that are routinely applied, considering that the appearance of new species is affecting the commercial quality of the fruits and shifting the original population structure.

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First Report of Avocado Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum karstii in Mexico

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiology, pathology and identification of Colletotrichum including a novel species associated with avocado (Persea americana) anthracnose in Israel

Epidemiology, pathology and identification of Colletotrichum including a novel species associated with avocado (Persea americana) anthracnose in Israel

Situación actual de Colletotrichums spp. en México: Taxonomía, caracterización, patogénesis y control

Colletotrichum fructicola, a Member of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, is the Causal Agent of Anthracnose and Soft Rot in Avocado Fruits cv. “Hass”

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