First Report of Arabis Mosaic Virus in Rhubarb in Poland

Komorowska, B.; Ptaszek, M.; Boncela, Anna Jarecka; Hasiów‐Jaroszewska, Beata

doi:10.1094/pdis-02-18-0324-pdn

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Data in the literature indicate that initial growth of culinary rhubarb shoots from axillary buds depends on different factors, including growth regulators, term of explant collecting, bud size and genotype [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The most important factor stimulating the activity of rhubarb buds was BAP added singly [ 16 ] or in combination with auxin [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhubarb crops were found to be infected with several viruses. The most common are: Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. A good alternative for the production of high-quality planting material is in vitro propagation of virus indexed rhubarb plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Propagation Method for Production of Phenolic-Rich Planting Material of Culinary Rhubarb ‘Malinowy’

Wojtania

Mieszczakowska-Frąc

2021

Plants

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Culinary rhubarb is a popular vegetable crop, valued for its long, thickened stalks, very rich in different natural bioactive ingredients. Tissue cultures are a useful tool for vegetative propagation of virus-free rhubarb plants and rapid multiplication of valuable selected genotypes. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for in vitro propagation of selected genotypes of Polish rhubarb ‘Malinowy’ characterized by high yield and straight, thick and intensive red stalks. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins and soluble sugars by the HPLC method in shoot cultures and ex vitro established plantlets were also performed. Shoot cultures were established from axillary buds isolated from dormant, eight-year-old rhizomes. Effective shoot multiplication of rhubarb ‘Malinowy’ was obtained in the presence of 6.6 µM benzylaminopurine or 12.4 µM meta-topolin. Both cytokinins stimulated shoot formation in a manner that depended on sucrose concentration. Increasing the sucrose concentration from 59 to 175 mM decreased the production of shoots and outgrowth of leaves by 3-fold but enhanced shoot length, single shoot mass and callus formation at the base of shoots. This coincided with increased accumulation of soluble sugars (fructose, glucose) and anthocyanins-cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (max. 208.2 mg·100 g−1 DM) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (max. 47.7 mg·100 g−1 DM). The highest rooting frequency (94.9%) and further successful ex vitro establishment (100%) were observed for shoots that were earlier rooted in vitro in the presence of 4.9 µM indole-3-butyric acid. Our results indicated that anthocyanin contents in leaf petioles were influenced by developmental stage. Under in vitro conditions, it is possible to elicit those pigments by sucrose at high concentration and meta-topolin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Propagation Method for Production of Phenolic-Rich Planting Material of Culinary Rhubarb ‘Malinowy’

Wojtania

Mieszczakowska-Frąc

2021

Plants

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“…Samples were taken from 16 plants showing symptoms and four symptomless plants and were tested by ELISA with commercially available antibodies against ArMV, SLRSV (Agdia), TuMV, CMV, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), CLRV (LOEWE Biochemica), and tomato black ring virus (TBRV) (DSMZ). The presence of ArMV was confirmed in seven plants exhibiting foliar chlorotic mottle, one of which was coinfected with TBRV (Komorowska et al, 2018). All 16 samples tested negative for SLRSV, TuMV, CMV, TMV, TRSV, TSWV, and CLRV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Rhubarb is a vegetatively propagated perennial vegetable, and viruses can affect it at any stage of growth, causing yield losses owing to abnormal plant growth, loss of vigour, or leaf discolouration. There are only a few publications that describe the occurrence of viruses in rhubarb (Komorowska et al, 2018; Tomlinson & Walkey, 1967; Walkey et al, 1982). Earlier studies conducted in the UK showed that commercial stocks of rhubarb were infected mainly with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability and molecular evolution of arabis mosaic virus based on the coat protein gene sequence

2021

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In recent years, rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) has become increasingly popular in Poland, but its cultivation is mainly concentrated in small to middle acreage (up to 5 ha) organic farms. Rhubarb is a vegetatively propagated perennial vegetable, and viruses can affect it at any stage of growth, causing yield losses owing to abnormal plant growth, loss of vigour, or leaf discolouration. There are only a few publications that describe the occurrence of viruses in rhubarb (Komorowska et al., 2018;Tomlinson & Walkey, 1967;Walkey et al., 1982). Earlier studies conducted in the UK showed that commercial stocks of rhubarb were infected mainly with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) and strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were isolated less frequently and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) occasionally (Tomlinson & Walkey, 1967).Arabis mosaic virus is the type species of the genus Nepovirus in the family Secoviridae and it is a damaging pathogen infecting a wide range of plants worldwide. Principal hosts are strawberries, hops, grapevines, raspberries, rhubarb, and elderberry. Several dorylaimid nematodes of the family Longidoridae have been suspected of transmitting ArMV, but only the evidence for Xiphinema diversicaudatum is adequate (Trudgill et al., 1983). Seed transmission is a common feature and was found in at least 15 species out of 12 plant families, with up to nearly 100% of the progeny being infected (Murant, 1970).Nevertheless, this type of spread is of little importance in crops that are propagated vegetatively. Vegetative propagation of plant material is the most effective means of spread. The viral genome consists of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNAs called RNA-1 and RNA-2. The RNA-1-encoded polyprotein (P1) is processed into six proteins, referred to as X1 (of unknown function), X2 (a putative protease cofactor), NTB (nucleotide triphosphate-binding protein), VPg, Pro (3C-like proteinase), and Pol (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) (Wetzel et al., 2008). The RNA-2-encoded polyprotein (P2) is cleaved in trans by the RNA-1-encoded protease into three functional fragments, namely the homing protein (2A), the movement protein (MP), and the coat protein (CP) (Vigne et al., 2008).Many RNA viruses are known to be genetically diverse, and they exist and replicate as complex mutant spectra called quasispecies.The quasispecies concept assumes that a population of a virus in a

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