First Report of an Emaravirus Associated with Witches’ Broom Disease and Eriophyid Mite Infestations of the Blue Palo Verde Tree in Arizona

Ilyas, M.; Avelar, S.; Schuch, Ursula K.; Brown, Judith K.

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-18-0124-pdn

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV), rose rosette virus (RRV), fig mosaic virus (FMV), pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus and pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-2 (PPSMV and PPSMV-2), High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), redbud yellow ringspot-associated emaravirus (RYRaV), and actinidia chlorisis ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV) 1 (Mielke-Ehret and Mühlbach, 2007; Elbeaino et al, 2009a,b, 2014, 2015; Laney et al, 2011; Ishikawa et al, 2012; McGavin et al, 2012; Tatineni et al, 2014; Di Bello et al, 2015, 2016; Lu et al, 2015; Zheng et al, 2016) are representative members of the nine virus species included in the genus Emaravirus of the family Fimoviridae , order Bunyavirales (Maes et al, 2019). The recently discovered blackberry leaf mottle-associated virus (BLMaV) (Hassan et al, 2017) and Palo verde witches broom virus (PVWBV) (Ilyas et al, 2018) have Emaravirus attributes but they have not been officially classified yet. These plant-infecting viruses have various modes of transmission including eriophyid mites, seeds (rare), grafting, mechanical friction and contaminated cutting implements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus Associated With Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Yellow Mottle Disease

et al. 2019

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A previously unreported disease affecting jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) trees was observed in China (Liaoning province) in 2015 and named jujube yellow mottle disease (JYMD), due to prevalent symptoms on the leaves. Diseased plants produced also malformed and discolored fruits. In an attempt to identify the possible causal agent of JYMD, high-throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries was performed and a novel virus, tentatively named jujube yellow mottle-associated virus (JYMaV), was identified and characterized. Six genomic RNA segments of JYMaV were completely sequenced. Each one contains a single open reading frame in the viral complementary strand and two untranslated regions with complementary 5′ and 3′ terminal ends, thus showing typical features of other negative-stranded RNA viruses. RNA1 (7.1 kb), RNA2 (2.2 kb) and RNA3 (1.2 kb) encode putative proteins that, based on their conserved motifs, have been identified as the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, the glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein, respectively. These proteins share significant sequence identity (52.1–70.4%) with proteins encoded by raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). RNA4 (1.5 kb) and RNA5 (1.2 kb) code for two putative 30 K movement proteins also related to the homologous RLBV protein. The functional role of the protein encoded by JYMaV RNA6 remains unknown. These data together with the phylogenetic relationships of JYMaV with other recognized emaraviruses support the proposal that JYMaV is the representative member of a novel species in the genus Emaravirus . In agreement with this proposal, virus-like particles and double-membrane-bound bodies, similar to those previously reported for other emaraviruses, were observed by transmission electron microscopy in extracts and tissues from symptomatic leaves, respectively. A specific RT-PCR-based detection method has been developed and used in a preliminary field survey that provided results strongly supporting the close association of JYMaV with the novel disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus Associated With Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Yellow Mottle Disease

et al. 2019

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“…BLASTx analysis (NCBI) confirmed that the cloned PCR products represent complete genome segments of the novel virus. Deduced aa sequences of the novel virus identified in oak showed 21-38% (RNA 3), 18-58% (RNA 4), and 18-41% (RNA 5) sequence identity to the corresponding protein sequences encoded by High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV), ti ringspot-associated virus (TiRSaV) [ 9 ], jujube yellow mottle-associated virus (JYMaV) [ 10 ], and blue palo verde broom virus (PVBV) [ 11 ]. We determined the sequence termini of each RNA segment by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) as described [ 8 ], using specific primers complementary to the genomic and antisense strand, respectively, of each RNA (Table S1).…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

et al. 2021

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We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a novel virus in ringspot-diseased common oak (Quercus robur L.). The newly identified pathogen is associated with leaf symptoms such as mottle, chlorotic spots and ringspots on diseased trees. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, Illumina RNASeq) was used to explore the virome of a ringspot-diseased oak that had chlorotic ringspots of suspected viral origin on leaves for several years. Bioinformatic analysis of the HTS dataset followed by RT-PCR enabled us to determine complete sequences of four RNA genome segments of a novel virus. These sequences showed high similarity to members of the genus Emaravirus, which includes segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses of economic importance. To verify the ends of each RNA, we conducted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). We identified an additional genome segment (RNA 5) by RT-PCR using a genus-specific primer (PDAP213) to the conserved 3´ and 5´termini in order to amplify full-length genome segments. RNA 5 encodes a 21-kDa protein that is homologous to the silencing suppressor P8 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus. The five viral RNAs were consistently detected by RT-PCR in ringspot-diseased oaks in Germany, Sweden, and Norway. We conclude that the virus represents a new member of the genus Emaravirus affecting oaks in Germany and in Scandinavia, and we propose the name “common oak ringspot-associated emaravirus” (CORaV).

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“…Additionally, an eriophyid mite of the family Diptilomiopidae was demonstrated to transmit a novel emaravirus to star anise [71]. New, yet unclassified eriophyid mite species are suspected to be vectors for other putative emaraviruses ( [21,33,53,56,57,64], see Table 1). However, vector transmission has so far not been demonstrated for all emaraviruses.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

Rehanek¹,

Karlin²,

Bandte³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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: Emaravirus (Order Bunyavirales; Family Fimoviridae) is a genus comprising over 20 emerging plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and economic impact. Emaraviruses infect a variety of host plants and have especially become prevalent in important long-living woody plants. These viruses are enveloped, with a segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and are transmitted by eriophyid mites or mechanical transmission. Emaraviruses have four core genome segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a glycoprotein precursor, a nucleocapsid protein, and a movement protein. They also have additional genome segments, whose number varies widely. We report here that the proteins encoded by these segments form three main homology groups: a homolog of the sadwavirus Glu2 Pro glutamic protease; a protein involved in pathogenicity, which we named “ABC”; and a protein of unknown function, which we named “P55”. The distribution of these proteins parallels the emaravirus phylogeny and suggests, with other analyses, that emaraviruses should be split into at least two genera. Reliable diagnosis systems are urgently needed to detect emaraviruses, assess their economic and ecological importance, and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread (such as routine testing, hygiene measures, and control of mite vectors). Additional research needs include understanding the function of emaravirus proteins, breeding resistant plants and clarifying transmission modes.

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First Report of an Emaravirus Associated with Witches’ Broom Disease and Eriophyid Mite Infestations of the Blue Palo Verde Tree in Arizona

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus Associated With Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Yellow Mottle Disease

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus Associated With Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Yellow Mottle Disease

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

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