First report of Acanthamoeba genotype T8 human keratitis

Orosz, Erika; Szentmáry, Nóra; Kiss, Huba; Farkas, Ágnes; Kucsera, István; Nagy, Zoltán Zsolt

doi:10.1556/030.65.2018.007

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The molecular analysis conducted in this study confirmed, in our series of patients, the T4 genotype to be the most frequent cause of AK. In addition, one isolate was T8 genotype and was first associated with AK [26]. These results are consistent with previous findings indicating that T4 is worldwide predominant in AK [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis by genotypes T4 and T8 in Hungary

Orosz

Kriskó

Shi

et al. 2019

AMicr

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Genus Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoan that is widely distributed in the environment. Within this genus, numerous species are recognized as human pathogens, potentially causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK is a corneal disease, associated predominantly with contact lens (CL) wear; its epidemiology is related to the specific Acanthamoeba genotypes. This study reports seven CL wearer, Acanthamoeba PCR-positive patients with AK, diagnosed between January 2015 and 2018. Patients had the diagnosis of AK 1.36 months after first symptoms. Genotyping allowed the identification of six isolates of the T4 and one of the T8 genotypes. At first presentation, pseudendritiformic epithelopathy/dirty epithelium (four eyes, 57.1%), multifocal stromal infiltrates (five eyes, 71.4%), ring infiltrate (three eyes, 42.8%), and perineuritis (one eye, 14.3%) were observed. AK was healed without later recurrence in two eyes (28.5%) using triple-topical therapy, in three eyes (42.8%) following additional penetrating keratoplasty. In one patient (14.3%), AK recurred following successful application of triple-therapy and was treated successfully with repeated triple-topical therapy and in one patient (14.3%), no follow-up data were available after diagnosis. We could not observe correlation of genotype and clinical course or the necessity of corneal transplantation in our case series.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis by genotypes T4 and T8 in Hungary

Orosz

Kriskó

Shi

et al. 2019

AMicr

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“…have been identified, some of which are pathogenic and others non-pathogenic. Identification of genotypes in each environment and geographical region and determination of its dominant genotype is very valuable ( Niyyati et al, 2009 ; Niyyati et al, 2015 ; Hajialilo et al, 2016 ; Niyyati and Rezaeian, 2015 ; Badirzadeh et al, 2011 ; Mataji Bandpei, 2016 ; Orosz et al, 2018 ). The results of the studies on environmental samples have shown that T4 genotype is highly dispersed in the environment, these samples can be considered as important risk factors for AK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran

Esboei

Fakhar

Saberi

et al. 2020

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Objective Acanthamoeba keratitis cause severe corneal infection and lead to poor vision and blindness. This disease is caused by a unicellular amphizoic protozoon called Acanthamoeba spp. that present in different environments. This study aimed to represent the existence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. in patients with keratitis and swimming pool water (SPW) in Tehran Province, Central Iran. Methods In this descriptive study, 56 clinical samples were collected from patients with keratitis and 30 water samples were collected from different swimming pools in Tehran Province. All samples were examined based on the morphological and molecular techniques. The genotypes were determined by sequencing the partial of 18S rRNA gene. Results Of 56 clinical (corneal) and 30 environmental (SPW) samples, 30.3% and 40.0% were positive for Acanthamoeba spp., respectively. According to sequencing analysis, 94.1% of amoebic keratitis isolates were belonged to T4 genotype and only one (5.8%) isolate was belonged to T11 genotype. All genotypes were detected from SPW samples were identified as T4 genotype. Conclusion According to our results, use of contact lens and swimming in pool poses the major risk factor for amoebic keratitis in the studied area (Tehran). Moreover, T4 genotype was the predominant genotype of human keratitis and swimming pool samples there. Consequently, essential and practical measures are urgently needed to prevent subjects against this ocular seriously disease.

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“…These must have a difference of at least 5% in order to be considered different sequences. 2 To date, 25 species 27 and 20 different genotypes of Acanthamoeba (T1-T20) 28,46,[49][50][51][52] have been recognised.…”

Section: Genotyping Of Acanthamoebamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

Lacerda

Lira

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Acanthamoeba keratitis is an infection caused by a unicellular protozoan of the genus Acanthamoeba that is universally widespread. Until now, most cases were reported in contact lens wearers, although it is also a reality for non‐wearers, mostly connected to corneal trauma. There is also a variation in incidence regarding the aetiology of the disease between developed and developing countries. Purpose This work is based on a literature review, and the main goal is to deepen the knowledge about Acanthamoeba keratitis, presenting the main risk factors and focusing on prevention actions for this type of corneal infection since the treatments are not always effective. It targets specialists in visual health to strengthen their knowledge in this area, as well as to allow them to better inform their patients about hygiene care, appropriate measures of disinfection and ways to minimise the risk of infection. At this stage, it is important to highlight the essential role that practitioners play in fitting, monitoring and following‐up patients to minimise the danger of infection. Recent findings It is well recognised that corneal trauma facilitates invasion by leaving an open door for microorganisms to penetrate the cornea. In addition to trauma, risk factors are mostly associated with patients’ behaviours, such as interaction of contact lenses with contaminated water in the shower, swimming pools and beaches, etc., lack of hygiene habits with contact lenses and respective cases, and the use of ineffective disinfecting solutions. The fact that a disinfecting solution is not completely effective against trophozoites and/or cysts, both forms of Acanthamoeba’s lifecycle, can cause the infection since one cyst alone leads to the emergence of a whole new population of Acanthamoeba. Summary It is necessary to reduce the risk of infection and, beyond the need to promote patient education to encourage correct CL hygiene behaviours, it should also be highlighted that there is an urgent need to enhance the efficacy of CL disinfection systems against all strains and both stages of Acanthamoeba through the creation of standardised methods. The ease of purchasing CLs without any supervision must also be considered a concern, and, in the near future, it is also important to develop and implement effective diagnostic methods and treatments for Acanthamoeba keratitis.

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First report of Acanthamoeba genotype T8 human keratitis

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis by genotypes T4 and T8 in Hungary

Clinical course of Acanthamoeba keratitis by genotypes T4 and T8 in Hungary

Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran

Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review of biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology

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