First report of a ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI group) associated with little leaf disease of <i>Solanum melongena</i> (brinjal) in India

Kumar, Jitendra; Gunapati, Samatha; Singh, Simranjeet; Lalit, Adarsh; Sharma, Neetu; Tuli, Rakesh

doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.026.021

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…16Sr I, 16Sr II-D, 16Sr III-J, III-U, 16Sr VI-A and -D, 16SrIX-C and 16SrXII-A were reported to infect brinjal worldwide. However, in India, so far, only group-level identification of BLL phytoplasma strains by utilizing 16S rDNA and secA gene was reported (Khan et al 2007;Kumar et al 2012;Manjunatha et al 2012;Azadvar and Baranwal, 2012). In the present study, association of two phytoplasma subgroups, 16Sr VI-D and II-D, was confirmed with BLL strains infecting brinjal plants in eight states of India on the basis of sequence comparison, phylogeny and RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA sequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…So far, phytoplasmas belonging to six groups, viz. 16SrI from Japan, Bangladesh and India (Okuda et al 1997;Kelly et al 2009;Kumar et al 2012), 16SrII-D from Egypt (Omar and Foissac 2012), 16SrIII-J and 16SrIII-U from Brazil (Mello et al 2011), 16SrVI-A and -D from Turkey and India (Sertkaya et al 2007;Azadvar and Baranwal 2012), 16SrIX-C from Iran (Tohidi et al 2015) and 16SrXII-A from Russia (Ember et al 2011) were reported to infect brinjal worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No transmission assays were performed by earlier workers to confirm any of the leafhoppers as natural vector of BLL disease in India. So far, only two phytoplasma groups (16SrI and 16SrVI) were reported to be associated with BLL disease in India (Azadvar and Baranwal 2012;Kumar et al 2012). Genetic diversity and subgroup-level taxonomic classification of phytoplasma strains infecting BLL disease phytoplasma strains from different brinjalgrowing states of India is not attempted till date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization, vector identification and sources of phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf disease in India

2017

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Brinjal little leaf (BLL) is a widespread disease of phytoplasma etiology in India that induces severe economic losses. Surveys were conducted in eight brinjal-growing states of India during July 2014 to September 2015 and eighteen BLL samples showing little leaf, phyllody and witches' broom symptoms were collected for phytoplasma identification. Presence of phytoplasmas was confirmed in all the eighteen BLL samples using polymerase chain reaction with phytoplasma-specific primer pairs (P1/P6, R16F2n/R16R2). Pair wise sequence comparison and phylogenetic relationship of 16S rRNA gene sequences of BLL phytoplasma strains confirmed that sixteen out of eighteen BLL strains belonged to clover proliferation phytoplasma (16SrVI) group and two BLL strains (GKP-A and GKP-B) from Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, were classified under 16SrII group. Further virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA sequences allowed finer classification of BLL strains into 16SrII-D and 16SrVI-D subgroups. BLL phytoplasma strains belonging to 16SrVI-D subgroup were found as the most widespread phytoplasma strains associated with BLL disease in India. 16SrVI-D subgroup phytoplasma association with two symptomatic weed species viz. Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa at Noida, Uttar Pradesh and Portulaca oleracea at IARI fields, New Delhi was also confirmed by nested PCR assays with similar set of phytoplasma-specific primers, pairwise 16S rDNA sequence comparison, phylogeny and virtual RFLP analysis. Out of five identified leafhopper species from BLL-infected fields at Noida, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, only Hishimonas phycitis was identified as carrier and natural vector of 16SrVI-D subgroup of phytoplasmas by nested PCR assays, sequence comparison, phylogeny, virtual RFLP analysis and transmission assays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization, vector identification and sources of phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf disease in India

2017

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“…Investigations based on PCR detection using universal primers specific to phytoplasma confirmed its association in 25% of analyzed plants that showed disease symptoms, indicating expansion of the host range of Ca. P. asteris, in addition to the already reported expansion to host plants, Luffa and cotton [39], brinjal [40], sandalwood and Withania somnifera in India, Cucumis sativus L. in Taiwan, carrot, cabbage, beetroot and tomato in Cuba [1,41,42] and Sechium edule (Jacquin) Swartz in Costa Rica [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Detection and characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ associated with littleleaf disease of bitter gourd from India by 16S rRNA phylogenetic and RFLP (in vitro and virtual) analysis

Venkataravanappa¹,

Reddy²,

Swarnalatha³

et al. 2017

Arch biol sci (Beogr)

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Bitter gourd plants showing symptoms of little leaf disease are prevalent in farmers' fields in the Bangalore rural district, Karnataka state, India. Twenty leaf samples from different locations were collected to determine the etiology of the disease. Using PCR and phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene-specific universal primers, we observed positive amplification for the phytoplasma specific primers in five out of twenty samples. The amplified products were cloned, sequenced and nucleotide (NT) sequence comparisons were made with the available phytoplasmas' 16S rRNA gene NT sequences in the NCBI database. The 16S rRNA gene NT sequence of bitter gourd phytoplasma shared highest identity of 81.7-96.0% with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' (Ca. P. asteris) 16Sr I group isolates from different parts of the world. This was supported by close clustering of phytoplasma of the current study with the Ca. P. asteris 16Sr I subgroup by phylogenetic analysis. The virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern generated for the Phytoplasma from bitter gourd was in congruence with the in vitro RFLP pattern for the six enzymes. This was typical to Ca. P. asteris from the 16Sr I group. Further, virtual RFLP analysis with 11 more enzymes used for RFLP pattern prediction revealed differences only in the Mse I RFLP pattern, with a similarity coefficient of 0.91, which is less than the threshold similarity coefficient for a new subgroup. We propose that the phytoplasma detected in the present study that infects bitter gourd and causes littleleaf disease should be considered as a new subgroup of group 16Sr I (Ca. P. asteris). This is the first report of phytoplasma associated with littleleaf disease of bitter gourd from India.

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“…Four different phytoplasma groups are reported to infect brinjal worldwide, viz. 16Sr I from Japan, Bangladesh and India [4], 16Sr II-D from Egypt, 16Sr III-J and 16Sr III-U from Brazil and 16Sr VI-C, -D and -E from China, India and USA [1]. Several potyviruses and a begomovirus are known to infect brinjal [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

First report of association of potato virus X and potato virus Y and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ in brinjal in India

et al. 2016

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Symptoms of little leaf, leaf chlorosis and leaf malformations with mosaic mottling symptoms were observed in two brinjal varieties (Pusa Shyamla and Pusa Purple Cluster) in fields of IARI, New Delhi, India during 2014-2015. Electron microscopy, PCR and sequence analysis first time provided evidence of association of Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii with potato virus X and potato virus Y in brinjal in India.

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First report of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI group) associated with little leaf disease of Solanum melongena (brinjal) in India

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular characterization, vector identification and sources of phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf disease in India

Molecular characterization, vector identification and sources of phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf disease in India

Detection and characterization of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ associated with littleleaf disease of bitter gourd from India by 16S rRNA phylogenetic and RFLP (in vitro and virtual) analysis

First report of association of potato virus X and potato virus Y and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ in brinjal in India

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