First Report Occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC β-lactamase Gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae from Clinical Sample in South Eastern, Nigeria

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Over time, the enzymes AmpC β-lactamases have become more significant, due to their roles in antibiotic resistance among enterobacteriaceace especially in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae. Due to increase multidrug resistant express by AmpC β-lactamases producing bacteria strain, the patients care in several hospital has been severely hampered. Hence, this study was designed to assess the occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC β-lactamase gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae from clinical sample in south eastern, Nigeria
 Methodology: This study was conducted over an 8-month period on sixteen (16) non-repetitive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae collected from medical microbiology laboratory unit of Alex Ekweume Federal University Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria. The isolates were further identified using Standard microbiological Techniques and screened for cefoxitin resistance using a disc diffusion assay, followed by phenotypic tests using phenyl boronic acid assays for confirmation of AmpC β-lactamases production. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were further screen for AmpC β-lactamase CIT and DHA genotype by polymerase chain reactions
 Result: Of the sixteen (16) confirmed phenotypic AmpC β-lactamase producing bacteria, 100% of the AmpC β-lactamase genes (DHA and CIT) were detected in E. coli from wound and urine samples from both male and female patients. The overall proportion of AmpC β-lactamases gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae were DHA (100 %) and CIT (100 %), in both male and female.
 Conclusion: This study indicate the occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC genotype. The detection of AmpC β-lactamases in this study is of clinically importance as such bacteria are often MDR. Thus, being aware of the presence of AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria could be very beneficial for achieving more accurate epidemiological results as well as controlling their spread, while surveillance is required to track any further dissemination and emergence of other AmpC β-lactamase genotypes.

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Fish Farms within Abakaliki Metropolis

“…Notably, antibiotics resistance arises quickly and spreads rapidly, especially when resistance genes are horizontally transferred via plasmids and integrons among individuals, among species, and even among bacterial kingdoms [46,47]. Much of the problem of antimicrobial resistance is due to the presence of transferable plasmids encoding Multidrug Resistant (MDR) and their dissemination among different enterobacterial species and it is common for a single plasmid to simultaneously mediate resistance to multiple antimicrobials and to be shared among different bacterial genera [47,48,49,50]. Also, an important consideration should be paid to the spread of resistance in aquaculture through potential sources of product contamination in the supply chain at the nursery periods of fingerlings and fry linked to humans, where poor or inappropriate personal hygienic practices during transport, methods of breeding and the potential implications of treated wastewater used for growth/nursery phase in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant also should not be neglected.…”

Pisciculture and Fish Parts as Non-clinical Source of CTX-M and TEM Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases Producing Escherichia coli in Southeastern Nigeria

“…The E. coli plasmid DNA was extracted from the test bacterial isolates using the Zymo Plasmid miniprep kit™ (Epigenetics Company, USA) [12,13]. The primer sequence that were used for the PCR amplification of ESBL genes are shown in Table 1.…”

Co-expression of Extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring FOX and MOX ampicillinase Gene

“…The purified DNA fragment was quantified using a NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific, USA). PCR experiment was conducted according to the procedures described previously 15,25…”

“…ISSN: 2394-8973 [15] Previous years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of XDR P. aeruginosa strains, with rates of between 6.4 %-35.8 % in some geographical areas 8,9,10,11 (Poole, 2001). Third, the successful worldwide spread of the so called "high-risk" clones of P. aeruginosa poses a threat to global public health that needs to be studied and managed with urgency and determination 14.…”

“…The so called "high-risk" clones of P. aeruginosa possess elaborate inactivating enzymes, such as ampicillinase (AmpC) encode by blaFOX and blaMOX. AmpC production is constitutive, leading to resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, as is evident by in vitro susceptibility testing 15,16,17,18,19…”