First Report in the Americas of Sorghum Ergot Disease, Caused by a Pathogen Diagnosed as<i>Claviceps africana</i>

Reis, Ronaldo; Mantle, Peter G.; Hassan, H. A. G.

doi:10.1094/pd-80-0463a

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Following the discovery of this disease in the Americas in 1995, secondary sporulation facilitated the dramatic spread of the pathogen in sorghum within South America in 1996 and prompted the first unequivocal recognition of the pathogen's identity (15). The disease spread through Central America (16) into the USA in 1997 (11), where the fungus now is a serious economic threat to commercial hybrid sorghum seed production.…”

Section: Additional Abstract: Ergot Linkage Analysis Fab-ms Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structures of the honeydew oligosaccharides synthesized by Claviceps africana

et al. 2006

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The structures of the principal oligosaccharides in the honeydew exudate of the sorghum ergot pathogen Claviceps africana, which has become epidemic in the Americas, have been characterized through linkage analysis using FAB-MS and GC-MS techniques, as 1, RESUMOAs estruturas dos principais oligossacarídeos presentes no exsudato da doença açucarada do sorgo, produzidos pelo patógeno Claviceps africana, foram caracterizadas através de espectroscopia de bombardeamento rápido de átomos-espectrometria de massa (FAB-MS) e cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Dois grupos de oligossacarídeos foram elucidados, sendo o principal formado pelos-arabitol e outros grupos menos importantes de dissacarídeos e trissacarídeos. As diversidades estruturais foram elucidadas de acordo com a inter-relação biossintética de sua rota metabólica, a qual parece ser exclusiva entre os fungos produtores da doença "ergot", particularmente com relação a redução intramolecular da frutose. O oligossacarídeo 1,6-di-b-D-frutofuranosil-D-manitol, o qual inibe a germinação dos macrosporos de C. africana a uma concentração de 1 g/mL ou mais, forma juntamente com outros oligossacarídeos menos bioativos a base de uma nova estratégia para limitar as perdas na produção de sementes de híbridos de sorgo. Bogo, A.; Mantle, P.; Casa, R. T.; Guidolin A. F. Análise estrutural dos oligossacarídeos presentes no exsudato da doença açucarada do sorgo, sintetizados por Claviceps africana. Summa Phytopathologica, v.32, p. 16-20, 2006. Palavras-chave adicionais: ergot, análise de ligação, doença açucarada do sorgo.according to perceived biosynthetic interrelationships in pathways that appear to be unique amongst ergot fungi, particularly concerning intra-molecular reduction of fructose. The oligosaccharide, 1,6-di-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-mannitol, which inhibits C. africana macrospore germination at a concentration in water of 1 g/mL or more, forms together with other slightly less bioactive oligosaccharides, the basis of a novel strategy to limit ergot disease losses in hybrid sorghum seed production.

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Section: Additional Abstract: Ergot Linkage Analysis Fab-ms Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structures of the honeydew oligosaccharides synthesized by Claviceps africana

et al. 2006

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“…Introduction of F 1 hybrid seed technology is linked to the enhanced importance and wider distribution of ergot in Africa and Asia (3,8,11). After being restricted to Asia and Africa for nearly 80 years, sorghum ergot was detected in Brazil in mid-1995 and identified as C. africana (26). C. africana spreads most efficiently by windborne secondary conidia (11,13) and, by mid-1996, the disease was reported from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia, countries close to ergot-affected areas in Brazil.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relations Among Sorghum Ergot Isolates from the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia

et al. 2000

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Sorghum ergot, initially restricted to Asia and Africa, was recently found in the Americas and Australia. Three species causing the disease have been reported: Claviceps sorghi in India, C. sorghicola in Japan, and C. africana in all ergot-positive countries. The objective of our study was to study the intraspecific variation in C. africana isolates in the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia. We confirmed C. africana, C. sorghi, and C. sorghicola as different species using differences in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 5.8S rDNA regions. Sequences of this region obtained from the representative American, Indian, and Australian isolates of C. africana were identical. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of sorghum ergot pathogen isolates from the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Bolivia, Australia, and India were evaluated with nearly 100 primers. A total of 65 primers gave identical patterns for all isolates, which confirmed that all were C. africana. The identity of RAPD pattern and rDNA sequence of Indian isolates with those of C. africana confirmed that the species is now present in India. Only 20 primers gave small pattern differences and 7 of them were used for routine testing. All of the American isolates were identical and three isolates of the same type were also found in South Africa, suggesting Africa as the origin of the invasion clone in the Americas. Australian and Indian isolates were distinguishable by a single band difference; therefore, migration from the Asian region to Australia is suspected. Another distinct group was found in Africa. Cluster analysis of the informative bands revealed that the American and African group are on the same moderately (69%) supported clade. Isolates from Australia and India belonged to another clade.

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“…to the Americas. Claviceps africana (Reis et al 1996) has been reported from Brazil, and Claviceps fusiformis, from México (San Martín et al 1997). We can only speculate about when the introduction of Claviceps cynodontis to the Americas occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot fungusClaviceps cynodontisfound on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in the Americas

Pažoutová

Odvody

Frederickson

2005

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Claviceps cynodontis is a widespread parasite of Cynodon spp. (Bermuda grass) in the paleotropical and subtropical regions. The sphacelial stage of ergot on Cynodon dactylon in México and Texas was identified as that of Claviceps cynodontis by comparison of conidial morphology, rDNA sequence, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns with an African isolate of this species. Sequence of internal transcribed spacers ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of Claviceps cynodontis clustered phylogenetically with those of Claviceps maximensis, Claviceps rhynchelytri, and Claviceps sp. SG (from Setaria geniculata). This is the first record of the identification of Claviceps cynodontis in the Americas.Résumé : Le Claviceps cynodontis est un parasite des Cynodon spp. (chiendent pied-de-poule) très répandu dans les régions paléotropicales et subtropicales. Le stade sphacelium de l'ergot sur le Cynodon dactylon au Mexique et au Texas a été identifié comme appartenant au Claviceps cynodontis après comparaison de la morphologie des conidies, de la séquence de l'ADNr et de profils d'ADN polymorphe amplifié au hasard avec un isolat africain de cette espèce. La séquence de l'espaceur transcrit interne ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 du Claviceps cynodontis se regroupait phylogénétiquement avec celles du Claviceps maximensis, du Claviceps rhynchelytri et de la Claviceps sp. SG (du Setaria geniculata). Ce rapport est le premier sur l'identification du Claviceps cynodontis dans les Amériques.

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First Report in the Americas of Sorghum Ergot Disease, Caused by a Pathogen Diagnosed asClaviceps africana

Cited by 34 publications

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The structures of the honeydew oligosaccharides synthesized by Claviceps africana

The structures of the honeydew oligosaccharides synthesized by Claviceps africana

Relations Among Sorghum Ergot Isolates from the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia

Ergot fungusClaviceps cynodontisfound on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in the Americas

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