First report from a single center retrospective study in Kazakhstan on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy in adults. In the last decade, internationally approved AML treatment guidelines, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are widely used in Kazakhstan. The categorization of acute myeloid leukemia was done according to the French-American British classification. The prognosis of patients at the time of diagnosis was determined by cytogenetic tests following the guidelines of the European LeukemiaNet. The overall survival and event-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and hazard ratios were defined with Cox regression. In total, 398 patients with AML were treated in the National Research Oncology Center between 2010 and 2020. The mean age was 38.3 years. We found a correlation between ethnicity, cytogenetic group, white blood cell count, and treatment approaches with overall and event-free survival. There was a significantly longer OS in a cytogenetic group with a good prognosis compared with intermediate and poor prognosis. The median survival time in the group with a good prognosis was 43 months, 23 months in the intermediate group (p = 0.7), and 12 months in the poor prognosis group (p = 0.016). There was a significantly longer OS for the group of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 52 months versus 10 months in the group who received chemotherapy only, p-value < 0.0001. Prognostic factors, such as cytogenetic group, initial WBC count, and treatment approaches are significantly associated with patient survival. Our study data were consistent with the most recent studies, available in the literature adjusted for the population in question.

Ancestral Origins and Admixture History of Kazakhs

“…The analysis based on a reconstructed ancestral population, AB aCHS , identified a region of strong natural selection on chromosome 22 ( supplementary fig. S20 and table S9, Supplementary Material online), particularly MRTFA , which was reported to be associated with megakaryoblast AML ( Reed et al 2021 ), which is a highly prevalent disease in the Kazakh population ( Kulkayeva et al 2021 ).…”

The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

“…Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia with very unfavorable prognoses [ 1 ]. It is estimated that the median survival for AML patients is approximately one year from diagnosis [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The worldwide incidence of this type of leukemia stands at approximately 1.5 cases per 100,000 population [ 6 ].…”