First Recorded Account of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sand Dunes in South Eastern Australia: Biogeography and Species Richness

Trade-Offs in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Responses to Drought and Salinity Stress in Panicum amarum (United States Gulf Coast)

“…Native Gulf Coast dune AMF improved survival and reduced leaf senescence of P. amarum under low salinity inundation; however, high mortality was observed in P. amarum regardless of sterile/live treatment at medium-low (0.50% NaCl), medium-high (1.0% NaCl), and high (1.5% NaCl) salinity concentrations. This suggests that the genotype of P. amarum used in this experiment has an overall low salinity tolerance threshold, and AMF may provide some alleviation of salinity stress (Hanlon, 2021). Previous research has demonstrated that P. amarum biomass significantly decreases and necrosis of plant tissue increases at levels of 2.0%–2.5% NaCl concentrations (Clark, Busch, and Crawford, 2021; Seneca, 1972), which is 10-fold greater than the threshold of salt tolerance observed in this study.…”

“…Further studies should explore AMF response to host plant stress using a range of local and commercial genotypes of mycorrhizal fungi and P. amarum . AMF function depends on a wide range of abiotic and biotic factors, and understanding strain-specific effects of Gulf Coast AMF under environmental stress will be crucial for future studies (Chagnon et al ., 2013; Hanlon, 2021). Thus, future Gulf Coast dune restoration studies should aim to conduct experiments to identify appropriate native or commercial genotypes of P. amarum.…”

“…Plants colonized by AMF often have higher rates of survival, greater biomass (Smith and Read, 2010), and improved stress tolerance (Diagne et al ., 2020). AMF may be critical to survival for plants living in coastal dune communities that experience intense abiotic stress from high temperatures, high ultraviolet, wind abrasion, sand accretion, nutrient deficiency, lack of moisture retention, and frequent saltwater inundation (Kulkarni, Raviraja, and Sridhar, 2023; Maun, 1994; Sridhar, 2006). Porosity of sand and high evaporation in dune systems often subjects plant communities to drought (Maun, 2009).…”

Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Tropical Shallow Lake: Assessing an Unexpected Assembly in the Aquatic-Terrestrial Gradient

“…In a semiarid habitat from Northwest Brazil 47 AMF species occurred on six sites (natural and agricultural), where the richness ranged from 25 to 44 species per site [90]. On the other hand, coastal dune vegetations in other countries harbor a limited species richness of 31, 20, 14 and 7 subjected to different conditions [91][92][93][94], even using high-throughput sequencing technology in sand dunes of Australia and New Zealand, Hanlon [95] detected 16 species belong to five genera, and Johansen et al [96] detected 22 species in seven genera, respectively.…”