First record of three giant marine Bathynomids (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from India

Sankar, R.; Rajkumar, M.; Sun, Jun; Gopalakrishnan, Ayyaru; Vasanthan, Thava; Ananthan, G.; Trilles, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1007/s13131-011-0097-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…These animals are important scavengers in the deep-sea benthic environment, from the gloomy sublittoral zone, at a depth of 170 m, to the dark of the bathypelagic zone at 2,140 m, and they are often found at depths between 365 and 730 m (Holthuis & Mikulka, 1972). Sankar et al (2011) also mentioned these species as the first recorded deep-sea isopods in the waters off India. However, no complete mitogenome data are available to date for any deep-sea isopod, even though studying the early mitogenomic evolution of deep-sea isopods using mt DNA fragments is facilitated by effective Crustacea-specific versatile primers (Crandall & Fitzpatrick, 1996;Folmer, Black, Hoeh, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1994;Merritt et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The first complete mitogenome of the South China deep‐sea giant isopod Bathynomus sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) allows insights into the early mitogenomic evolution of isopods

Shen

Kou

Zhong

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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In this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of the South China deep‐sea giant isopod Bathynomus sp. was determined, and this study is the first to explore in detail the mt genome of a deep‐sea member of the order Isopoda. This species belongs to the genus Bathynomus, the members of which are saprophagous residents of the deep‐sea benthic environment; based on their large size, Bathynomus is included in the “supergiant group” of isopods. The mt genome of Bathynomus sp. is 14,965 bp in length and consists of 13 protein‐coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, only 18 transfer RNA genes, and a noncoding control region 362 bp in length, which is the smallest control region discovered in Isopoda to date. Although the overall genome organization is typical for metazoans, the mt genome of Bathynomus sp. shows a number of derived characters, such as an inversion of 10 genes when compared to the pancrustacean ground pattern. Rearrangements in some genes (e.g., cob, trnT, nad5, and trnF) are shared by nearly all isopod mt genomes analyzed thus far, and when compared to the putative isopod ground pattern, five rearrangements were found in Bathynomus sp. Two tRNAs exhibit modified secondary structures: The TΨC arm is absent from trnQ, and trnC lacks the DHU. Within the class Malacostraca, trnC arm loss is only found in other isopods. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bathynomus sp. (Cymothoida) and Sphaeroma serratum (Sphaeromatidea) form a single clade, although it is unclear whether Cymothoida is monophyletic or paraphyletic. Moreover, the evolutionary rate of Bathynomus sp. (dN/dS [nonsynonymous mutational rate/synonymous mutational rate] = 0.0705) is the slowest measured to date among Cymothoida, which may be associated with its relatively constant deep‐sea environment. Overall, our results may provide useful information for understanding the evolution of deep‐sea Isopoda species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The first complete mitogenome of the South China deep‐sea giant isopod Bathynomus sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) allows insights into the early mitogenomic evolution of isopods

Shen

Kou

Zhong

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The recent record from India considerably enriched the understanding about the distribution range of the Bathynomus species. Sankar et al (2011) recorded 3 species of Bathynomus for the first time from the Parangipettai coastal waters, on the southeast coast of India (i.e. B. decemspinosus Shih, 1972, B. doederleini Ortmann, 1894and B. kensleyi Lowry & Dempsey, 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Bathynomus is an important scavenger with distribution restricted to the deep sea from approximately 35°N to 35°S in the Indo-West Pacific and western Atlantic Ocean (Lowry & Dempsey 2006), and mainly inhabits muddy bottoms at depths between 170 and 2140 m (Sankar et al 2011). Lowry and Dempsey (2006) fully revised Bathynomus in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, and described 6 new species based on extensive collections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kato et al (2016) describe a new fossil species of Bathynomus from the middle and upper Miocene of central Japan, increasing the number of valid species to 18. In addition, recent reports of certain species of Bathynomus from new areas have greatly extended their distribution range (Jacob & Narayanankutty 2006;Jayaprakash et al 2006;Harish et al 2007;Lyla et al 2007;Sankar et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New species of the giant deep‐sea isopod genus Bathynomus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea

Kou

et al. 2017

Integrative Zoology

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Several specimens of the giant deep-sea isopod genus Bathynomus were collected by a deep-sea lander at a depth of 898 m near Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. After careful examination, this material and the specimens collected from the Gulf of Aden, north-western Indian Ocean, previously reported as Bathynomus sp., were identified to be the same as a new species to the genus. Bathynomus jamesi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the congeners by: the distal margin of pleotelson with 11 or 13 short straight spines and central spine not bifid; uropodal endopod and exopod with distolateral corner slightly pronounced; clypeus with lateral margins concave; and antennal flagellum extending when extended posteriorly reaches the pereonite 3. In addition, Bathynomus jamesi sp. nov. is also supported by molecular analyses based on mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The distribution range of the new species includes the western Pacific and north-western Indian Ocean.

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“…Bathynomids (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) is regarded to be the “supergiant group” of isopods, which is well known for their big size [ 16 , 17 ]. Bathynomids inhabit deep-sea benthic environment that are generally found on muddy bottoms at depths from 170 m to the dark of 2140 m [ 17 , 18 ]. To adapt to the benthic environment, bathynomids adopt a burrowing behavior [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of a giant isopod, Bathynomus jamesi, provides insights into body size evolution and adaptation to deep-sea environment

et al. 2022

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Background The deep-sea may be regarded as a hostile living environment, due to low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and limited food and light. Isopods, a species-rich group of crustaceans, are widely distributed across different environments including the deep sea and as such are a useful model for studying adaptation, migration, and speciation. Similar to other deep-sea organisms, giant isopods have larger body size than their shallow water relatives and have large stomachs and fat bodies presumably to store organic reserves. In order to shed light on the genetic basis of these large crustaceans adapting to the oligotrophic environment of deep-sea, the high-quality genome of a deep-sea giant isopod Bathynomus jamesi was sequenced and assembled. Results B. jamesi has a large genome of 5.89 Gb, representing the largest sequenced crustacean genome to date. Its large genome size is mainly attributable to the remarkable proliferation of transposable elements (84%), which may enable high genome plasticity for adaptive evolution. Unlike its relatives with small body size, B. jamesi has expanded gene families related to pathways of thyroid and insulin hormone signaling that potentially contribute to its large body size. Transcriptomic analysis showed that some expanded gene families related to glycolysis and vesicular transport were specifically expressed in its digestive organs. In addition, comparative genomics and gene expression analyses in six tissues suggested that B. jamesi has inefficient lipid degradation, low basal metabolic rate, and bulk food storage, suggesting giant isopods adopt a more efficient mechanism of nutrient absorption, storage, and utilization to provide sustained energy supply for their large body size. Conclusions Taken together, the giant isopod genome may provide a valuable resource for understanding body size evolution and adaptation mechanisms of macrobenthic organisms to deep-sea environments.

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First record of three giant marine Bathynomids (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from India

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The first complete mitogenome of the South China deep‐sea giant isopod Bathynomus sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) allows insights into the early mitogenomic evolution of isopods

The first complete mitogenome of the South China deep‐sea giant isopod Bathynomus sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) allows insights into the early mitogenomic evolution of isopods

New species of the giant deep‐sea isopod genus Bathynomus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea

Genome of a giant isopod, Bathynomus jamesi, provides insights into body size evolution and adaptation to deep-sea environment

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