First record of the leafhopper genus Varicopsella Hamilton, 1980 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) in China, with descriptions of a new subgenus and new species, a checklist, and a key to species

Hu, Li; Dai, Ren–Huai; Li, Zizhong

doi:10.1093/jis/14.1.125

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the positive control compound E-64 that was included in experiment 2 reduced P. japonica survival, development, and fecundity. This result confirms that the test insect had ingested the test compounds and that the test system was able to detect adverse effects 5 29 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Such studies allow experimenters to expose test organisms to Cry proteins under “worst-case exposure” conditions, i.e., at much higher levels and/or for significantly longer durations than occur in the field. Consequently, conclusions of “no adverse effects” can be made with high certainty 5 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To draw clear and definitive conclusions from such dietary-exposure assays, researchers must confirm the stability and bioactivity of the test compounds in the food source and the uptake of the compounds by the test insects 5 29 34 . Our ELISA tests indicated that the Cry1C and Cry2A concentrations in the Bt rice pollen in experiment 1 and in the rapeseed pollen in experiment 2 were stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-64 was selected as a positive control because it has been confirmed to be i) readily accepted and toxic to P. japonica at 400 μg/g DW; ii) a gut-active compound like the Cry proteins tested here; and iii) stable for the test duration 21 . With such properties, E-64 has been widely used as a positive control in multiple studies in which different Cry proteins were tested against coleopteran species 5 . Rapeseed pollen was used rather than rice pollen because it is commercially available and has been confirmed to be a highly nutritional food source for P. japonica (for details, see Zhang et al 2014 21 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important part of this assessment, especially in the case of insect-resistant GE plants 1 2 3 4 , is the evaluation of potential effects on valued non-target organisms (NTOs). The non-target risk assessment follows a tiered framework that typically starts with laboratory studies conducted under controlled, worst-case exposure conditions with the main objective of identifying the potential toxicity of the insecticidal proteins produced by the GE plants on surrogate test species 1 2 5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumption of Bt rice pollen containing Cry1C or Cry2A does not pose a risk to Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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As a pollen feeder, Propylea japonica would be directly exposed to Cry proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic rice fields. The effect of Cry1C- or Cry2A-containing transgenic rice pollen on the fitness of P. japonica was assessed using two dietary-exposure experiments in the laboratory. In the first experiment, larval developmental time of P. japonica was significantly longer when fed pollen from Bt rice lines rather than control pollen but other life table parameters were not significantly affected. In the second experiment, P. japonica was not affected when fed a rapeseed pollen-based diet containing purified Cry1C or Cry2A at concentrations that were >10-times higher than in pollen, but P. japonica was affected when the diet contained E-64 as a positive control. In both experiments, the stability and bioactivity of the Cry proteins in the food sources and the uptake of the proteins by P. japonica were confirmed. The results show that P. japonica is not sensitive to Cry1C or Cry2A proteins; the effect observed in the first experiment was likely attributable to unknown differences in the nutritional composition of Bt rice pollen. Overall, the data indicate that the growing of Cry1C- or Cry2A-transgenic rice should pose a negligible risk to P. japonica.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%