First record of Phytophthora cinnamomi on cork and holm oaks in France and evidence of pathogenicity

Robin, Cécile; Desprez‐Loustau, Marie‐Laure; Capron, Gilles; Delatour, Claude

doi:10.1051/forest:19980801

Cited by 104 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…It will take much more focused work than simple surveys of Phytophthora incidence to determine if any or all of the species encountered are causal agents of oak decline, as has been suggested by Jung and colleagues [17]. This is the case in southern France, where there was no obvious correlation between presence of P. cinnamomi in the soil and oak decline [22]. Future …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, we did not recover P. cactorum or P. cambivora, regularly encountered in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Phytophthora cinnamomi was not present in either species list, although it is well established in forests in southern France [19,22]. Jung and colleagues [17] small, but almost never in the soil unless the spot was periodically flooded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytophthora species in oak forests of north-east France

1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora species in oak forests of north-east France

1999

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“…In central, western and south-ern Europe, a diverse population of Phytophthoras have been found in the oak forests [5,9,25,27,28,43,53], and several of these have been demonstrated to cause extensive root rot and stem damage of oak seedlings grown in glasshouses [25, 26, 28-30, 33, 42, 44]. In addition, significant correlations have been found between the presence of P. quercina, an oakspecific fine-root pathogen, and other Phytophthora species in the rhizosphere soil and crown defoliation of mature oaks in Germany, Italy, Austria and Turkey [5,6,27,53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Ulrika

Rosengren

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Ten oak stands in southern Sweden were investigated to evaluate the impact of the root pathogen Phytophthora quercina on mature oaks under field conditions. Phytophthora quercina was present in five of the stands, while the other five stands were used as controls to verify the effect of the pathogen. In each stand, a healthy, a moderately declining and a severely declining tree were sampled. Fine-root length and nutrient status of each tree were analyzed, and the chemistry of the soil surrounding each tree was determined. The results showed that P. quercina can cause substantial reductions in the fine-root length of mature trees under natural conditions. The impact of the pathogen varied depending on tree vitality and season, being most pronounced for declining trees after an unusually dry summer. Despite the significant reduction in live fine-root length of declining trees in Phytophthora-infested stands, no consistent effects were found on the nutrient status of trees. Based on the significant impact of the pathogen on the fine-root systems of declining trees, we suggest that P. quercina contribute to oak decline in southern Sweden at the sites where it is present. No explanation is currently available for the decline of trees in non-infested stands, but the lack of symptoms of root damage indicate, together with the extensive root growth of declining trees, that root pathogens are not involved in the decline at these sites.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / root vitality / soil chemistry / nutrient status Résumé -Phtytophthora quercina peut-il avoir un effet négatif sur les chênes pédonculés adultes en conditions de terrain ? Dix peuplements de chêne du sud de la Suède ont été examinés pour évaluer l'impact du pathogène racinaire Phytophthora quercina sur des chênes adultes en conditions de terrain. P. quercina était présent dans cinq peuplements, les cinq autres furent utilisés comme témoin des effets du pathogène. Dans chaque peuplement, un arbre sain, un arbre modérément dépérissant et un arbre très dépérissant ont été échantillonnés. La longueur des fines racines et le statut minéral de chaque arbre, ainsi que les caractéristiques chimiques du sol alentour ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré que P. quercina peut causer des réductions substantielles de la longueur des fines racines des arbres adultes dans les conditions de terrain. L'impact du pathogène varie selon la vitalité de l'arbre et la saison, avec des effets plus prononcés après un été particulièrement sec pour les arbres dépérissants. Malgré la réduction significative de la longueur des fines racines chez les arbres dépérissants dans les peuplements infectés par P. quercina, aucun réel effet n'a été trouvé sur le statut minéral des arbres. En nous appuyant sur l'impact significatif au niveau des fines racines, nous suggérons que P. quercina contribue au déclin des chênes dans le sud de la Suède.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / vitalité des racines / caractères chimiques du sol / statut minéral

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“…In Western Australia, at least 54% of the native flora are susceptible to P. cinnamomi (Shearer et al 2004, Shearer & Dillon 1995. In Southern Europe, P. cinnamomi causes wide spread decline of Quercus suber L. and Q. ilex L. (Brasier et al 1993, Brasier 1996, Robin et al 1998, Moreira & Martins 2005, root rot in Juglans regia L. (Belisario et al 2006) and in combination with P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman, the devastating ink disease of Castanea sativa Mill. (Vettraino et al 2005).…”

Section: Typical Features Of Phytophthoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

Rytkönen¹

2011

Diss. For.

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International trade and travel have facilitated the spread of harmful organisms around the world. Human-mediated movement of plants and plant products is now generally accepted to be the primary mode of introduction of pathogens and pests. Species of Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogens, are commonly spread in this way and have caused severe epidemics in silviculture, horticulture and natural systems all over the world.The objective of the study was to gather information on the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. in Finnish nurseries. Furthermore, the aim was to produce information for risk assessments for these Phytophthora spp. and establish molecular means for their detection. Phytophthora cactorum was found to persist in natural waterbodies and results suggest that irrigation water might be a source of inoculum for the disease in nurseries. In addition to P. cactorum, isolates from ornamental Rhododendron in nurseries yielded three species new to Finland: P. ramorum, P. plurivora and P. pini. The only species with quarantine status, P. ramorum, was able to persist in the nursery in spite of an annual European Commission sanitation protocol. Phytophthora plurivora and the closely related P. pini had more hosts among Nordic tree species and other plants abundant in Finnish nurseries and forest ecosystems. They were also found to have higher infectivity rates compared to P. ramorum and P. cactorum. All four species survived two weeks in -5 °C , and thus soil survival of these Phytophthoras in Finland is likely under current climatic conditions.The most common tree species in Finnish nurseries, Picea abies, was highly susceptible to P. plurivora and P. pini in pathogenicity trials. In a histological examination of P. abies shoot tissues inoculated with P. plurivora zoospores, fast necrotrophic growth was observed in nearly all tissues of the fresh shoot. The production of propagules in P. abies shoot tissue was only weakly indicated.In this study, a PCR-DGGE technique was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of Phytophthora spp. It reliably detected Phytophthora in plant tissues and could discriminate most test species as well as indicate instances of multiple-species infections. It proved to be a useful detection and identification tool either applied alone or in concert with traditional isolation culture techniques. The limitations of the method are also discussed.In conclusion, all of the introduced species of Phytophthora had properties that promote a high risk of establishment and spread in Finland. The efficient transport of Phytophthora via commercial traffic and favorable conditions due to expected climate change will increase the incidence and establishment of Phytophthora in new areas. Thus, it is probable that pathogens of this genus will be introduced and become established in Finland and other Nordic countries unless efficient phytosanitary control becomes standard practice in the international plant trade.Keywords: Phytophthora, pathogenicity, survival, molecular detectio...

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First record of Phytophthora cinnamomi on cork and holm oaks in France and evidence of pathogenicity

Cited by 104 publications

References 5 publications

Phytophthora species in oak forests of north-east France

Phytophthora species in oak forests of north-east France

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Phytophthora in Finnish nurseries

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