Neurodegenerative
diseases are currently posing huge social, economic,
and healthcare burdens among the aged populations worldwide with few
and only palliative treatment alternatives available. Natural products
continue to be a source of a vast array of potent neurotrophic molecules
that could be considered as drug design starting points. The present
study reports eight new isoindolinone and benzofuranone derivatives,
for which we propose the trivial names, hericioic acids A–G (1–7) and hericiofuranoic acid
(8), which were isolated from a solid culture (using
rice as substrate) of the rare European edible mushroom Hericium flagellum. The chemical structures of these
compounds were determined based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy
along with HRESIMS analyses. The isolated compounds were assessed
for their neurotrophic activity in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12)
to promote neurite outgrowth on 5 ng NGF supplementation; all the
compounds increased neurite outgrowths, with compounds 3, 4, and 8 exhibiting the strongest effects.