“…Freshwater species of this genus are known to occur in many temperate and subtropical areas of the world, including Africa (e.g., South Africa), Asia (e.g., Japan, Taiwan, Turkey), America (e.g., Canada, United States), Europe (e.g., Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom), and Oceania (e.g., Australia, New Zealand) (Cassie 1978, Nicholls et al 1980, Heaney et al 1983, Padis ak 1985, Echevarr ıa and Rodr ıguez 1994, Danielidis et al 1996, Wu and Chou 1998, Whittington et al 2000, P erez-Mart ınez and S anchez-Castillo 2001, Van Ginkel et al 2001, Baldwin et al 2003, Carty 2003, Grigorszky et al 2003, C ß elekli et al 2007, Hansen and Flaim 2007, Hart 2007, Hart and Wragg 2009, Pandeirada et al 2013, Napi orkowska-Krzebietke 2014. Particularly in South America, the species Ceratium hirundinella (O. F. M€ uller) Schrank and Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans have been recorded over the past two decades showing an invasive behavior and a rapid colonization of the southern environments (Cavalcante et al 2013, Meichtry de Zaburl ın et al 2014). Since 1991, C. hirundinella began to colonize inland water bodies of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, in a northward direction, extending over 2,000 km in 10 years (Guerrero and Echenique 1997, Boltovskoy et al 2003, 2013, Mac Donagh et al 2005, Silverio et al 2009).…”